A STUDY OF SOCIAL INJUSTICE IN GREECE AND ROME

本研究揭示了希腊和罗马社会中某些方面的不公正现象，尤其是社会和政治上的不公正现象。研究证明，在古典古代的世界中确实存在着各种各样的不公正现象，这些不公正现象构成了影响其历史的一些重要因素。我们在目前的研究中所能处理的问题，确实只是各种各样的不公正的一部分，但我们相信，它们的结果作为一个整体，将有助于更彻底地理解古典古代的世界。因为每个成员的研究主题都涉及其所处时期的基本问题，如下所示，个别出版物或本报告中所载的研究都是通过历史资料加以说明的。就希腊而言，本研究作为其结果，澄清了迈锡尼时代（山川）个人与社会之间关于土地权属的骚乱的意义、古代时代（赛米亚）雅典社会危机的真实情况、主要发生在斯巴达的贿赂行为（古山）以及希腊化时代小亚细亚的罗马不公；就罗马而言，西塞罗关于罗马君主的公正与不公正的国王理论（平田），共和晚期罗马人对意大利人的歧视（岩井俊二），永久调查中的不平等，早期君主统治时期的元老院和宫廷（新浦），一些罗马行省长官的不公正（坂本），早期基督教（松本）的世俗化和腐败，以及罗马帝国晚期的不公正的君主统治和平民防卫官的设立。

The present research has manifested some aspects of injustice -- especially social and political -- in Greece and Rome : it has been attested that in the world of the classical antiquity there existed indeed various kinds of injustice, which constituted some important factors influencing its history. The problems which we could take up in the present Research was but a part of such various kinds of injustice, it is true, but we are convinced that their results as a whole will contribute to comprehending more thoroughly the world of the classical antiquity. For the theme of each member's research is concerned to the fundamental problem in each of its periods, as follows, and the research shown in individual publications or in the present report are demonstated by means of historical sources. As for Greece, the present Research clarifies, as its results, the significance of the disturbances between individuals and the community concerning the land tenure in the Mycenaean age (Yamakawa), the real situation of the crisis in the Athenian society in the archaic age (Seimiya), the roll of the bribe chiefly in Sparta (Furuyama), and Roman injustice in Asia Minor in the hellenistic age ; as for Rome, Cicero's theory on just and unjust kings in the Roman monarchy (Hirata), the discrimination of the Italians on the part of the Romans in the latest republican age (Iwai), the inequality in the permanent inquiry, the senatorial and imperial courts in the early Principate (Shimpo), the injustice by some Roman provincial governors (Sakamoto), the secularization and corruption in the early Christianity (Matsumoto) and the unjust patrocinium and the establishment of the office of defensor civitat is in the late Roman Empire.