「Experimental and theoretical co-operative research on macro and micro structures and physical properties of minerals」

本次合作研究是由日本20名研究人员发起的，目的是对矿物的宏观和微观结构及物理性质进行理论和实验研究。该项目在东京（1992年）和金泽（1993年）分别召开了两次会议。主要结果是根据研究小组得出的。1)利用光学显微镜和电子显微镜观察宏观和微观结构。综述了二氧化硅矿物的微观结构以及水与位错的关系。发现无球粒陨石的光谱与s型小行星的光谱具有相似性。2)使用x射线，EXAFS， XANES， SIMS等方法对矿物进行微观分析。提出了一种利用SR分析微米级材料结构的新方法和一种测定劳厄基团的新方法。测定了超导体、钴长石、Bi203、NaCuPO4、斜长石等的结构。3)高压高温下的相平衡、结构和物理性质。讨论了金刚石的生长形式、镁硅酸盐的E、F相和超水B相、地幔石榴石中羟基磷灰石的外延生长。研究了GeO2的压力诱导非晶化和转变焓。研究了钇铝石的相变。4)基于对称性的理论研究。对MgSiO3的结构变化进行了模拟。对对称群晶体统计分布的研究正在进行中。总结了晶体学轨道及其特征性质。

The present cooperative research was initiated to research theoretyically and expirimentally on macro and micro structures and physical properties of minerals by 20 investigators in Japan. Each investigator researchs his own task Two meetings for this project were held in Tokyo (1992) and Kanazawa (1993).The main results are shown according to research groups.1)Macro and Micro structures using optical and electron microscopies. Microstructure and the relation of water and dislocation for silica minerals are summarized. The similarity for the spectroscopy of achondrites and that of S-type asteroid has been found.2)Micro analyzes of minerals using X-ray, EXAFS, XANES, SIMS etc. mehods. A new system for structure analysis of the micrometer-sized materials using SR, and a new approach for determination of Laue group were developed. Structures of superconductors, Co-akermanite, Bi203, NaCuPO4, plagioclase etc. are determined.3)Phase equilibrium, structures and physical properties under high pressure and high temperature. Growth form of diamond, phases E,F and superhydrous B for Mg-silicates, epitaxia growth of hydroxyapatite in mantle garnet were discussed. Pressure-induced amorphization and enthalpy of transition for GeO2 were studied. Phase transformation of tridymite was studied.4)Theoretical studies based on symmetry. Simulation for structural change of MgSiO3 was caluculated. Research for statistical distribution of crystals for symmetry groups is now in progress. Crystallographic orbits and their characteristic properties are summarized.