Verification of Applicability of ERS Data to River Basin Geomorphology and Runoff Analysis

1)使用合成孔径雷达（SAR）（Takara、Shiiba、Koike和Terakawa）。Shiiba和Takara研究了JERS-1和ERS-1的合成孔径雷达数据对各种土地覆盖的特征、区分水域的可能性以及估算空气动力学粗糙度的可能性。小池发现了SAR图像的失真与观测站的海拔高度以及与卫星的距离之间的线性关系。利用这种关系可以校正SAR图像中的失真。小池还利用三幅合成孔径雷达图像以及陆地卫星图像和地形图调查了青藏高原的地表特征。小池和寺川研究了X波段、C波段和L波段微波散射仪的观测特性。2）光学传感器（OPS）的使用（Takara）。Takara比较了机载MSS、SPOT-HRV、JERS-OPS、Landsat-TM四种不同空间分辨率的遥感图像的分类精度。3）使用其他遥感图像（清水、泽本和Nadaoka）。Shimizu提出了模糊分类方法，并研究了神经网络的适用性。Nadaoka构建了一个通用的监测系统，该系统使用Landsat数据，用于冲绳的红土径流。Sawamoto利用NOAA-AVHRR建立了一个分布式融雪径流模型。4）流域地形和降雨径流分析（Nagami，Yamada，Fujita）。Nogami在Uono河流域建立了一个25 m的DEM，开发了一种基于DEM的地形分析算法和代码。Yamada开发了一种利用雷达降水数据进行空间分布降雨短期预测的方法。藤田研究子集水区和渠道长度的概率特性，使用数学模型和数值模拟的径流。

1) Use of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) (Takara, Shiiba, Koike, and Terakawa). Shiiba and Takara investigated the characteristics of SAR data of JERS-1 and ERS-1 for various kinds of land cover, the possibility of discriminating water areas from others, and the possibility of estimating aerodynamic roughness. Koike found out the linesr relationships between the distortion of SAR images, elevation of the observatories, and the distance from the satelite. The use of this relationship can correct distortion in the SAR images. Koike also investigated the ground surface characteristics on the Tibetan Plateau by using three SAR images as well as Landsat image and a topographic map. Koike and Terakawa investigated the observation characteristics of X-, C-, and L-band microwave scatterometer.2) Use of optical sensor (OPS) (Takara). Takara compared the classification accuracy of four remotely sensed images with various spatial resolutions acquired by the airborne MSS,SPOT-HRV,JERS-OPS,Landsat-TM.3) Use of other remotely sensed images (Shimizu, Sawamoto, and Nadaoka). Shimizu proposed fuzzy classification and investigated applicability of neural network. Nadaoka constructed a general monitoring system, which uses Landsat data, for red clay runoff in the Okinawa island. Sawamoto constructed a distributed snowmelt runoff model, which uses NOAA-AVHRR.4) Basin topography and rainfall-runoff analyzes (Nagami, Yamada, and Fujita). Nogami established a 25-m DEM in the Uono River basin developed an algorithm and codes for topographic analysis based on the DEM.Yamada developed a short-term prediction method for spatially distributed rainfall by using radar raingage data. Fujita investigated probabilistic characteristics of sub-catchment areas and channel lengths by using mathematical models and numerical rainfall-runoff simulations.