Development of the solid-state imaging system for the spatio-temporal motion analysis of small particles

利用固态成像系统中时变强度分布在空间和时间区域的高速高精度采样功能，开发了一种具有高时空分辨率的时变小目标图像获取和分析系统。该系统进一步发展，同时测量的位置，大小和运动的小粒子的折射率，利用新的理论光散射的小粒子。主要研究结果总结如下：提出了固态成像系统中时空分辨率图像采集的原理，并基于数学模型进行了计算机仿真，给出了影响系统空间分辨率的因素。利用基于几何光学的新光散射理论，以干涉条纹的简单形式给出了所得像的特性与物镜颗粒之间的关系，并进行了实验研究。实现了一种试验系统，并将其应用于自由落体小玻璃球的测量，结果表明，该系统能给出运动粒子的尺寸和一维位置的时间分辨信息。通过引入所获得的类条纹图像的相位信息进行分析，进一步发展了该系统，用于测量粒子的二维运动。应用该系统分析了激光操作中激光辐射压力对粒子运动的影响。因此，提出了一种利用激光辐射压力诱导粒子运动来确定光学粒子尺寸的新方法。应用基于几何光学的光散射理论，针对相位/多普勒粒子分析仪存在的缺陷，提出了一种新的光学系统，并通过实验验证了其有效性。

By using a function of the high speed and precision sampling of time-varying intensity distributions in both spatial and temporal regions in a solid-state imaging system, a novel system was developed for obtaining and analyzing images of time-varying small objects with high spatial and temporal resolutions. The system was forther developed for simultaneous measurements of position, size, and refractive index of moving small particles, using the new theory of light scattering by small particles. Main results are summarized in the following :1. Principles of the space-time-resolved acquisition of images in a solid-state imaging system were proposed and revealed by computer simulations based on a mathematical model, and factors were evidently given for affecting a spatial resolution of the system.2. By using the new light scattering theory based on geometrical optics, relations between the characteristics of obtained images and the objective particles were given in simple forms as interference fringes and were revealed experimentally.3. A trial system was realized and applied to measurements of freely falling small glass spheres, and was shown to give the time-resolved information about the size and the one-dimensional position of moving particles.4. By introducing the information about the phase of obtained fringe-like images for analysis, the system was further developed for measuring the two-dimensional motion of particles.5. The developed system was applied to analyze the effects of laser radiation pressure on the particle motion in the laser manipulation. As a result, a new method was proposed for the optical particle sizing utilizing a induced motion of particles by the laser radiation pressure.6. By applying the theory of light scattering based on geometrical optics, a new optical system was proposed for overcoming the defects in the phase/Doppler particle analyzer, and its validity was revealed experimentally.