Utilization of Defatted Soybean Meal as a Substitute for Fish Meal in Diets for Freshwater Finfish and Marine Species

鱼类养殖技术的迅速改进加剧了对鱼类饲料的需求，这些饲料过分依赖于没有鱼粉作为蛋白质来源。在接下来的十年里，从野外捕获的食用级鱼类预计会出现短缺。沙丁鱼已经经历了这种情况，在过去几年中，其捕获量下降了100多万吨。因此，本研究旨在探讨脱脂豆粕(SBM)在淡水鱼和海洋鱼类饲料中替代鱼粉的有效性。在虹鱼中，为了有效利用SBM，25%的SBM和15%的玉米蛋白粉(CGM)的组合效果更好，可替代高达63%的鱼粉的氨基酸组成。此外，在饲料蛋白质水平为44%左右时，30%SBM、15%CGM和15%肉粉(MM)的混合物可以替代91%的鱼粉。在鲤鱼饲料中添加赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和苏氨酸，在饲料蛋白质水平为40%左右的鱼粉中添加40%的SBM、15%的CGM和5%的MM时，添加赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和苏氨酸就足以改善鱼粉的生长和饲料利用率。此外，在黄尾和红鳍金枪鱼中，干颗粒和湿颗粒中都可以添加30%的SBM，而对生长性能没有不良影响。在库鲁马对虾和淡水虾中，SBM和大豆浓缩蛋白可以作为蛋白质来源的一部分。因此，本研究结果表明SBM可以有效地作为蛋白质来源在水产养殖饲料中的利用。

Rapid improvements in fish culture techniques have compounded the demand for fish feeds which depend inordinately no fish meal as protein source. Over the next decade, shortfalls in the capture of meal-grade fish from the wild are expected. This situation has already been experienced in the case of sardine, the catch of which has dropped over a million ton during the last couple of years. Therefore, this study was conduced to evaluate the availability to defatted soybean meal (SBM) as a substitute for fish meal in diets for freshwater finfish and marine species.In rainbow trout it was found that in order to utilize SBM effectively, a combination of 25 % SBM with 15 % corn gluten meal (CGM) was better, replacing up to 63 % of fish meal in terms of improvement of amino acid profile. Furthermore, 91 % of fish meal could be substituted by the mixture of 30 % SBM, 15 % CGM and 15 % meat meal (MM) at about 44 % dietary protein level. In case of carp, supplementation of lysine, methionine and threonine in the 100% fish meal replaced diet was sufficient to improve growth and feed utilization when 40 % SBM, 15 % CGM and 5 % MM were used as the total protein replacement of fish meal at about 40 % dietary protein level.In yellowtail and red seabream of marine species, it was also found that SBM could be included in both dry and moist pellets up to 30 % without ill effect on growth performances. The kind of results were obtained in Kuruma shrimp and freshwater shrimp that SBM and soy protein concentrate could be used as a part of protein source.Thus, the results of the present study have shown that SBM can be effectively utilized as a protein source in aquaculture feeds.