Medico-Ecology of Environmental Change and Health in Oceania

本研究项目的主要发现总结如下：1.本研究项目主要集中在高海拔和低海拔环境中的久居人群和城市地区的流动人口之间的适应和健康的医学生态学比较。马努斯省以巴洛帕人为代表的低地人口比其他人口更早与欧洲人接触，因此，他们的特点是计划生育导致生育率下降，向城市地区迁徙的比率较高，退行性慢性病的患病率较高，再加上肥胖的身体素质，如高体重指数值(40-49岁年龄组的中位数：28)所示。以东部高原省胡里族人为代表的高原人口在相当程度上保持了传统的生活方式；他们高耗能的园艺…更多的工作主要由女性完成。食物消费调查显示，他们的饮食习惯主要基于红薯和其他当地食物，保证了充足的能量和蛋白质摄入量。最近的医疗服务大大降低了他们的死亡率，特别是婴儿死亡率，但生活在疟疾流行较低地区的人群除外；因此，人口增长率增加，人口密度已接近承载能力。从农村地区迁徙的城市居民具有多样化的生活方式和健康状况，这在很大程度上是由于他们家乡的不同。高地人居住在自发的居民点，而低地人生活在规划良好的居民区。高原人群饮食向高脂、高蛋白摄入的转变。低地人群高血压和其他退行性慢性病的患病率较高，反映的是生活方式的改变，而不是遗传特征。较少

Major findings of this research project, which focused on medico-ecological comparison of adaptation and health among the sedente populations in the high alititude and low altitude environments and migrant populations in the urban area, i. e. Port Moresby or the national capital, are summarized as follows.1. the lowland populations, represented by the Balopa people in Manus Province, had experienced contact with Europeans earlier than other populations, and consequently they were characterized by lowered fertility rate due to family planning practice, high out-migration rate to urban areas, and high prevalence rates of degenerative chronic diseases which were coupled with obese body physique, as shown in the high body mass index (BMI) values (the median for 40-49 age group : 28).2. The highland populations, represented by the Huli-speaking group in Eastern Highlands Province, have maintained to a considerable degree the traditional lifestyle ; their high energy-expending horticultural … More work was mostly conducted by females. The food consumption survey revealed that their dietary habit, based largely on sweet potato and other local foods, guaranteed adequate energy and protein intake. The recent medical service has drastically reduced their mortality rate, particularly the infant mortality rate, except the groups living in malaria-endemic lower terrain ; thus, population increase rate has been increased and their population density has reached nearly the carrying capacity.3. The urban dwellers who migrated from the rural areas had diversified lifestyle and health status, largely owing to the difference of their homelands. The highland-origined people inhabit the spontaneous settlements, whereas the lowland-origined people live in well-planned residential areas. The dietary change to high fat and protein intake was observed in the highland-origined group. Prevalence rates of hypertension and other degenerative chronic diseases were higher in the lowland-origined group, reflecting the change of lifestyle rather than the genetic traits. Less