MultiPCM – Multi-Scale Simulation of Latent Heat Storage for the inverse design of Carnot Batteries

开发具有高往返效率和低成本的卡诺电池需要复杂的热能存储（TES）系统和对其瞬态行为的全面理解。显着缺乏有效的和计算效率的TES模型的潜热存储代表了一个重要的障碍，成功的逆设计朗肯的卡诺电池。本项目旨在通过开发一个准确的，计算效率高，实验验证的潜热TES多尺度模拟模型，并提供结果的优先程序的成员，以弥补这一差距。此外，该项目旨在制定一个框架，用于使用统一的高质量元数据在优先计划中一致地描述卡诺电池概念。热能储存是卡诺电池的关键组成部分。对于基于朗肯的卡诺电池，潜热存储系统保证了高的往返效率，因为在存储器中的等温熔化/固化与在存储器的充电/放电期间工作流体的蒸发/冷凝之间的优异的温度匹配。在现有技术的潜热存储系统中，热交换器嵌入相变材料（PCM）中以实现工作流体与存储介质之间的热传递。由于典型的存储材料具有低的导热率，因此需要扩展的热传递或翅片结构以确保足够高的功率密度。在充放电过程中，这些结构之间产生复杂的瞬态温度场和相分布场。温度和熔化相分布的局部和时间进展的知识是存储器的设计和确保卡诺电池的高往返效率的最佳设计的识别的先决条件。然而，将该模型复杂性集成到整个卡诺电池的更高级别的设计优化中是不可能的。此外，目前的设计和模拟工具的潜热存储很少验证。目前的项目包括一个主要部分（MP），由第一个主要研究者（Vandersickel）制定，并致力于开发一个一致的多尺度模型，为潜在的TES和一个传输模块（TM）制定的第二PI（Thess）服务于整个优先程序的开发方法的分布。作为MP的结果，该项目将提供一个经过充分验证的潜热存储模型和模型简化/参数化，适用于存储和卡诺电池设计和操作的同时优化。作为技术备忘录的结果，该项目将提供一种方法，用于使用元数据以及DLR卡诺电池试验工厂的选定瞬态数据对卡诺电池系统进行统一描述，供优先计划的所有感兴趣的成员使用。

The development of Carnot-Batteries with high round-trip efficiency and low cost requires sophisticated thermal energy storage (TES) systems and a comprehensive understanding of their transient behavior. The conspicuous lack of validated and computationally efficient TES models for latent heat storage represents an important barrier to successful inverse design of Rankine based Carnot-Batteries. The present project intends to bridge this gap by developing an accurate, computationally efficient and experimentally validated latent-heat TES multi-scale simulation model and providing the result to the members of the priority program. Moreover, the project aims at the formulation of a framework for describing Carnot-Battery concepts consistently across the priority program using uniform high-quality metadata. Thermal energy storage is a key component in a Carnot-Battery. For Rankine-based Carnot Batteries, latent heat storage systems promise a high roundtrip efficiency because of the excellent temperature matching between the isothermal melting/solidification in the storage and the evaporation/ condensation of the working fluid during charging/discharging of the storage. In state-of-the-art latent heat storage systems, a heat exchanger is embedded into the phase change material (PCM) to enable heat transfer between the working fluid and the storage medium. As typical storage materials have a low thermal conductivity, extended heat transfer respectively fins structures are required to ensure sufficiently high power densities. Complex transient temperature and phase distribution fields arise in between these structures during charging and discharging. Knowledge of the local and temporal progression of the temperature and melting phase distribution is a prerequisite for the design of the storage and the identification of an optimal design that ensures high roundtrip efficiency of the Carnot battery. An integration of this model complexity in higher-level design optimizations for an entire Carnot battery is however not yet possible. Current design and simulation tools for latent heat storage are furthermore rarely validated. The current project consists of a main part (MP), formulated by the first principal investigator (Vandersickel) and devoted to the development of a consistent multiscale model for latent TES and a transfer module (TM) formulated by the second PI (Thess) serving the distribution of the developed methodology across the priority program. As a result of the MP, this project will provide a well validated latent heat storage model and a model reduction/parametrization suited for the simultaneous optimization of storage and Carnot Battery design and operation. As a result of the TM, the project will supply a methodology for a uniform description of Carnot-Battery systems using metadata as well selected transient data of the DLR Carnot Battery pilot plant to all interested members of the priority program.