Crop Productivity of Low Input Sustainable Agriculture in the Northeast Thailand

题为“泰国东北部低投入可持续农业的作物生产力”的国际科学研究助学金项目是九州东海大学农学院和坤健大学农学系的合作研究项目。该项目于1994年开始，在日本的财政年度于1996年终止。在这三年中，九州东海大学共派出农学、果树、园艺、昆虫学、植物病理学等研究领域的11名科研人员，邀请坤健大学的16名研究人员，包括与九州东海大学派出的科学家相同的各个研究领域。(1)农学领域：泰国东北部地区42%的面积是平面，但有少量河流和洪水面积仅占…的8%更多的绳索种植面积。为了建立可持续的作物生产，有必要培育导入水稻褐飞虱抗性基因的水稻品种，并持续施用包括动物粪便在内的有机质，以保持和提高土壤肥力。(2)蔬菜和观赏植物生产领域：发现一些品系的甜瓜与日本甜瓜嫁接品种或泰国本土品种的一些葫芦科蔬菜具有较高的嫁接亲和性。嫁接甜瓜抗病虫害品种的筛选是在大田进行的，不施任何农药。为了选育兰花杂交新品种，我们开展了从兰花叶组织中分离出原生质体并从分离出的原生质体中形成愈伤组织的研究。(3)果树领域：开花结果与芒果树植株的某些营养物质含量有密切的关系。随着九州东海大学三倍体柑橘品种的引进，人们对优质无核三倍体柑橘的育种寄予了很高的期望。(4)昆虫学领域：通过对泰国东北部主要害虫的调查，发现小菜蛾和条纹跳甲也是泰国东北部与日本一样重要的害虫。指出查明天敌，对水稻关键害虫和部分害虫的天敌进行生态学调查，是本论文研究的重点和当务之急。(5)植物病理学领域：纹枯病等纹枯病与日本一样，也是泰国东北部的重要病害。在泰国东北部水稻纹枯病上，鉴定出与日本(Rhizoctonia solani AG-1)基本相同的致病真菌菌株，但也有一些特有菌株分布在热带地区。较少

Monbusho Grant-in-Aid for International Scientific Research Project entitled "Crop productivity of low input sustainable agriculture in northeast of Thailand" is the cooperative research project between School of Agriculture, Kyushu Tokai University and Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University. The project initiated at 1994 and terminated at 1996 in Japanese fiscal years. During these 3 years, Kyushu tokai University despatched total 11 research scientists including various research fields such as Agronomy, Pomology, Horticulture, Entomology and Plant Pathology, and invited total 16 research scientists from Khon Kaen University, including various research fields as same as the scientists despatched from Kyushu Tokai University.The main research results obtained from this cooperative research activities are summarized as follows :(1) Agronomy field : In the northeast district of Thailand, 42% total area is plane., but there are a few river flows and irrifgated areas are only 8% of c … More rop cultivated areas. For establishment of sustainable crop production, it is necessary to breed rice varieties introducing resistant genes of rice brown plant hopper, and to apply continuously of organic matter including excrement from animals for keeping and improving soil fertility.(2) Vegetables and ornamental plants production field : It was found out some strains of melon plants have a heigher grafting compatibility between Japanese melon variety as graft and melon or some cucurbitaceous vegetables of native Thai varieties. The selection of resistant to disease and insect pest from grafted melon plants were conducted in the field without application of any pesticides. For breeding of new hybrid variety of orchid, we were carried out the investigation of isolation of protoplast from leaf tissue of orchid and formation of cullus from isolated protoplast.(3) Pomology field : It is clear that there are some close relationships between flowering and fruiting and some nutrients content of mango tree plant. It is highly expected that breeding of high quality and seedless triploid citrus will advance with introduction of triploid citrus varieties from Kyushu Tokai University.(4) Entomology field : From the investigation of key-pests in northeast Thailand, it is identified that diamond back moth and striped flea beetle are also important pests in northeast Thailand as same as Japan. It is pointed out that to find out the natural enemy and to investigate of ecology on the natural enemy of those key-pests and some insect pests of rice, are the most important and the most urgent for research thesis.(5) Plant Pathology field : Rhizoctonia diseases including rice sheath blight are also important disease of northeast Thailand as same as Japan. On rice sheath blight in northeast Thailand, it is identified that causal fungal strain is mainly as same as Japan (Rhizoctonia solani AG-1), but there are some specfic strains distributed in the tropics. Less