A Study on Development of Fire Safety Design based on the Escape Behavior of the Disabled in the Lower-extrmities

对坂神地区的下肢残疾人进行问卷调查，询问他们对访问建筑物的活动性和不安感，他们的逃生行为，他们认为在火灾发生时可以帮助他们逃离建筑物的地方和设备种类。就在调查结束后，科比地震袭击了坂神地区。为了比较科比地震前后的逃生行为，再次对他们进行了类似的问卷调查，其中大部分人肯定遭受了地震的痛苦。研究结果如下：1.下肢残疾人的行动能力和逃生意识下肢残疾人对某些建筑物、对三层以上或地下一层的参观感到不安。他们的不安程度因所用的辅助工具而异。二、火灾时的行为与逃生意识他们采取被动逃生行为，认为阳台、室外斜坡、逃生电梯、滑梯、救援辅助区等对逃生有帮助。答案根据他们使用的辅助工具而有所不同。3.科比大地震后逃生行为意识的变化在紧急逃生中，需要的帮助主要有人员的帮助、斜坡和逃生用的电梯。尽管他们对底层的逃生方式感到不安，但他们中的许多人还是试图采取独立逃生的行动，他们欣赏阳台、逃生电梯和救援区域的有效性。总之，公共设施应该为身体残疾人在火灾和地震时的安全以及日常生活的方便而精心设计。

Questionnaire survey was made for the disabled in the lower-extremities living in Hanshin region inquiring the movability and uneasiness about the visit to buildings, their escape behavior, the place and kind of equipments which they think will assist them to escape from buildings in case of fire. Just after the survey, the Kobe Earthquake hit the Hanshin region. To compare the escape behavior before and after the Kobe Earthquake, similar questionnaire survey was again made for them, most of whom must have suffered from the earthquake. The findings from the study are as follows.1.The mobility and the consciousness of the disabled in the lower-extremities for escapeThe disabled in the lower-extremities feel uneasy about certain kinds of buildings and about the visit to the third floor and over or the first basement. The degree of their uneasiness varies according to the assistant implements they use. In particular, those who use wheelchairs have more uneasiness than those less disabled.2.The behavior in case of fire and the consciousness for escapeThey take passive escape action, and they consider balcony, outdoor slope, elevator for escape, slide, and area of rescue assistance helpful to their escape. The answers differ according to the assistant implements they use. In particular, those on wheelchairs feel more uneasy in escape.3.Change in the Consciousness of Escape Behavior after Kobe EarthquakeWhat they need in emergency escape are help by attendance, slope and elevator for escape use. Many of them try to take unassisted escape action, though they feel uneasy about the escape for the ground floor, and that they appreciate the effectiveness of balcony, elevator for escape, and area of rescue assistance.In conclusion, public facilities should be carefully and finely designed for the physically handicapped in terms of their safety in case of fire and earthquake as well as their daily convenience.