Development of Microsphere-aggregated Menbrane and its Filtration Characteristics

众所周知，膜法水处理设备规模小、节能效果好，是一种环境友好型水处理方法。然而，为了扩大其在水处理中的应用，开发了具有更少污染和更高机械强度的这种膜。目前，人们已经开发了许多聚合物膜来满足这一需求，但到目前为止还没有一种商用膜能够成功地满足这一需求。为了克服这一现状，本项目的目标是通过新的技术开发微聚合膜。聚四氟乙烯和聚四氟乙烯膜的研制开发了一种在陶瓷载体上形成一层薄聚合物微晶的新技术。该方法将聚四氟乙烯微球、聚四氟乙烯微球、聚四氟乙烯微球和聚四氟乙烯微球与聚四氟乙烯微球、聚四氟乙烯微球、聚经扫描电子显微镜照片、ESCA分析和气体渗透实验等表征，证明该膜作为一种新型的分离膜具有很好的应用前景。水处理用活性炭膜的发展通过上述技术的推广，开发了水处理用活性炭膜，并应用于几个典型案例。活性碳的前驱体为PVdC和PVA微球。所开发的膜具有尺寸截留膜和对低分子有机物具有吸附能力的活性碳两种功能。此外，还注意到吸附在活性炭膜上的速度极快。在此基础上，提出并论证了电热再生技术，即利用直接电加热的方法对活性炭膜进行瞬时加热。结果表明，新型水处理新材料和新工艺的开发是同时和成功的。

It is known in general that the water treatments by the membrane are environment-friendly due to their small scale facilities and energy-efficiency. However, in order to extend the application to water treatment, the development of such membranes that have less fouling and more mechanical strength. Nowadays, many polymer membranes have been developed to meet this demand, but no commercial membrane have successfully met this demand so far. In order to overcome this siuation, this project has aimed to develop the microshereaggregated membrane by novel techniques.1. Development of PTFE and Teflon mmembranesA new techniques were developed to form a thin layr of polymer microsheres on the ceramic support. In this method, the microspheres of PTFE,Tefron and their mixture were attached and aggregated from the suspension on the suppot. The characterizations of the resultant membrane such as SEM pictures, ESCA analyzes and gas permeation experiments have proven that it has interesting and promising as a novel separation membrane.2. Development of activated carbon membrane for water treatmentsBy extending the above-mentioned techniques, the activated carbon membrane for water treatment was developed and applied to a few model cases. The precursors of the activated carbon were PVdC and PVA microspheres. The membrane developed had two functions as the membrane with size-rejection and the activated carbon with adsorption capacities for low molecular organics. Also, it was noted that the adsorption onto the activated carbon membrane was extremely fast. Furthemore, the electro thermal regeneration was proposed and demonstrated, where the activated carbon mambrane was instantaneously heated up by direct electric heating. It was concluded that the new material and process for unique water treatments were simultaneously and successfully developed.