Utilization of alternative protein sources in aquafeeds

水产养殖饲料中的蛋白质成分是最昂贵的部分，也是重要的膳食营养物质。然而，最近日本沙丁鱼捕获量的迅速下降导致优质鱼粉短缺，因此有必要在实际饲料中增加替代蛋白质的使用。因此，本研究探讨了豆粕(SBM)、玉米蛋白粉(CGM)、肉粉(MM)、肉原粉(MBM)等多种蛋白质来源在黄鱼、红鱼、花旗鱼、虹鱼等饲料中的利用率。研究表明，在黄鱼幼鱼和成鱼饲料中，大豆粉、玉米蛋白粉和MM的组合可替代62%的鱼粉，而对幼鱼和成鱼均无不良影响。但添加50%大豆浓缩蛋白的SDP组的饲料性能和生理条件略逊于鱼粉组。这些蛋白质来源还被发现能够在单个潮湿颗粒(SMP)中取代约50%的鱼粉。SMP中还发现SBM、CGM、MM、MBM作为唯一可替代蛋白的含量为20-30%。热处理提高了生豆粕的饲用价值，酒精处理进一步提高了生豆粕的营养价值。利用添加30%SBM的高能干球，研究了不同类型SBM在挤压和非挤压加工条件下的利用率。添加30%SBM影响了饲料的适口性和可接受性。对照组和SBM组的生长和饲料增重率没有显著差异，但饲料性能略好于对照组。挤压加工并没有提高SBM饲料的饲料利用率。在条纹杰克中，SBM和脱脂小麦胚芽粉在DP中的含量为30%，没有不良影响。彩虹鲑鱼也得到了同样的结果。

Protein component of the aquaculture feeds is the single most expensive portion and important dietary nutrient. However, recent quick decline of sardine catch in Japan has resulted in the shortage of quality fish meal and has made it necessary to increase the use of alternative protein in practical feeds. This research was, therefore, conducted to investigate the availability of various protein sources such as soybean meal (SBM), corn gluten meal (CGM), meat meal (MM), meat born meal (MBM), etc., in diets for yellowtail, red seabream, striped jack, rainbow trout.In yellowtail it has been demonstrated that fish meal could be replaced up to 62% by combinations of SBM,CGM and MM in newly developed soft-dry pellets (SDP) for both juvenile and adult yellowtail without any adverse effect. But the SDP with 50% soy protein concentrate showed feed performances and physiological conditions slightly inferior to the fish meal diet group. These protein sources were also found to be able to replace around 50% fish meal in single moist pellets (SMP). SBM,CGM,MM,MBM were also found to be included in SMP at levels of 20-30% as sole alternative protein. Dietary value of raw SBM was improved by heat treatment, further by alcohol treatment. In red seabream, utilization of different types of SBM,with or without extrusion processing, was investigated using high energy dry pellets, with 30% SBM.Palatability and acceptability of diets were influenced by inclusion of 30% SBM.There was no marked difference in growth and feed gain ratio between the control and SBM diets, although feed performances were slightly better for the control. The feed utilization of SBM diets was not improved by extrusion processing. In striped jack, SBM and defatted wheatgerm meal were found to be included at a 30% level in DP without ill effect. The same kinds of results were also obtained in rainbow trout.