Development of teaching methods for undergraduate psychology courses and evaluation of their effectiveness.

目的：探讨本科心理学课程的教学方法，并评价其教学效果。主要成果：课堂教学研究(1)课堂教学调查显示教师积极参与改善教与学。这包括自我建模对教学改进的影响，以及教学和视频观看前后教学自我效能感的变化。(2)回顾了西方国家教学设计和媒介教育的研究，以期找到有效的教学方法。(3)对教育媒体中的数字学习模式进行了批判性研究。(4)通过翻译心理学教学手册，研究了有效的教学方法。(1)在采用问题解决方法的课堂上，研究了学习自我效能感的结构和变化。(2)以大学生为研究对象，调查了学习自我效能感、期望成绩、能力概念、学习成绩与学习成绩的关系。(1)在对高校教材进行分析的基础上，探讨了高校教材有效生产和利用的问题。从收集到的心理学教科书中建立了一个数据库。(3)对教材的内容和结构进行了评价。(1)比较了日本和美国的远程心理学导论课程在内容、画面构成、呈现方式等方面的差异。对观众反应的分析阐明了观众的可理解程度和兴趣水平。(2)因果检验揭示了视频材料的呈现方式、学习者对内容的先验知识和兴趣、学习者的参与程度和从视频中学习之间的关系。互动学习材料的研究(1)心理学实验的互动学习材料由学生自行开发和评估。(2)日本心理学课程采用美国心理学实验互动学习材料，由学生进行评价。指出了有效使用媒体进行教与学的问题。评价的研究(1)在不同的班级中比较学生的教学评价和每位教师的相关因素。并结合有效的教与学进行了讨论。(2)建立了学与教评价支持系统。并结合该系统在远程课程学生评价中的应用，对系统的改进进行了探讨。研究成果介绍该项目的部分成果在1996年日本心理学会第60届年会的研讨会上发表。讨论揭示了研究的观点，最终成为对项目的形成性评估。少

Purpose :This study aimed at developing teaching methods for undergraduate psychology courses and evaluating their effectiveness.Major Outcomes :1. Studies of classroom instruction(1) Survey of classroom instruction revealed teachers' active participation in improving teaching and learning. This included the effects of self-modeling on teaching improvements, and changes of instructional self-efficacy before and after the instruction and video watching. (2) Research on instructional design and media education in Western countries was reviewed, in order to develop effective teaching methods. (3) Digital modes of learning in educational media were critically examined. (4) Effective teaching methods were studied by translating handbooks for the teaching of psychology.2. Studies of learning(1) Structures and changes of learning self-efficacy were examined in classes where problem solving approaches are applied. (2) The relation of learning self-efficacy, expected grade, conception of abilit … More y, and academic performance was investigated through students a university course.3. Studies of print materials(1) Issues of effective production and usage of university textbooks were discussed based on the analyzes of the materials. (2) A database was developed from the psychology textbooks collected. (3) The textbooks were evaluated in terms of contents and structure.4. Structural studies of audiovisual materials and assessment of their effects(1) Telecourse introductory psychology in Japan and the USA were compared in terms of contents, picture components, and means of presentation. Analyzes of viewers' responses clarified the degree of viewer comprehensibility and interest level. (2) A causal examination revealed relationships between presentation styles of video materials, learners' prior knowledge and interest in the content, learners' degree of participation, and learning from the videos.5. Studies of interactive learning materials(1) Interactive learning materials for psychology experiments were developed and assessed by students. (2) American interactive learning materials for psychology experiments were used in Japnese psychology courses and assessed by students. Problems of media usage for effective teaching and learning were pointed out.6. Studies of Evaluation(1) Student instructional evaluation and the related factors for each teacher were compared in different classes. The results were discussed in connection with effective teaching and learning.(2) A support system for evaluating learning and instruction was developed. Improvements of the system were discussed based on its application to student evaluation of telecourses.7. Presentation of research resultsOutcomes of the project were presented in part at a workshop at the 60th Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association, 1996. Discussion revealed perspectives of the research, which eventually became a formative evaluation of the project. Less