Analyzes on the Composition of Traditional Space using Schema Grammar

提出了模式语法的概念，其中一组模式规则表示隐藏在架构空间中的规律。图式作为一种概念形象，经过规则的变形，最终成为一个建筑空间。通过构建语法，可以理解空间的无形结构。为了验证该语法的有效性，我们试图获得中国和日本古代城市规划的语法。语法源于古代对宇宙的理想观念。通过对比规则和生产过程，我们可以看出两国城市理想观念的差异。町屋是典型的日本前现代城市住宅。我们用图式语法的概念分析了町屋87个一层平面图。每一条语法规则不仅表达了房间之间的空间关系，也表达了一种文化意义。语法再现了73个平面，平面生成过程显示了不同房间的空间顺序。有些规则只适用于18世纪中期以后建造的町屋。这些事实显示了图式语法的可能性，从而我们可以论证建筑空间的空间关系的意义。茶道室是典型的日本传统建筑空间。我们分析了57个被称为KOMA或SOUAN-FUU的小型CHASHITSU的平面图。第一条规则（初始图式）表达了主人和客人之间的关系，这也是茶道的精神。规则的另一部分规定了从TOKO到NIJIRIGUCHI的空间秩序和方向，TOKO是空间中的高位，NIJIRIGUCHI是客人的入口。利用模式语法，我们发现了茶诗的几个方面的特点。模式语法的构造并不简单。针对这一困难，我们提出了一种新的语言系统，称为“空间分配语言”（Spatial Allocation language， SAL），作为描述建筑平面的一种简单方法。用SAL描述的建筑平面图是一种符号串，可以用计算机进行分析。当给定模式语法和表示计划的字符串时，我们可以通过本文提出的解析算法知道语法是否生成计划。通过使用计算机，我们可以很容易地找到模式规则。民房是日本传统民居的名称。我们分析了日本北部地区建造的113个民房平面图。我们可以用计算机找到图式语法。我们也发现了这样的事实，即规则适用的不同与地区的不同相对应。少

The consept of the schema grammar, in which a set of schema rules represents regularities hidden in the architectural space, is proposed. The schema as a conceptual image is transfigured by rules, and finally becomes an architectural space. By constructing the grammar, it is possible to understand and invisible structure of space.For confirming effectiveness of the grammar, we attempt to obtain a grammar of the ancient city plans in China and Japan. The grammar have been derived from the ideal concepts of universe in the ancient time. Comparing the rules and the production processes, we can show the distinctions of ideal concepts on cities in both countries.MACHIYA is a typical residence in Japanese pre-modern city. We analyze 87 first-floor plans of MACHIYA with the concept of schema grammar. Each rule of the grammar expresses not only a spatial relation between rooms but also a cultural meaning. The grammar reproduces 73 plans, and the plan generating process which shows the differen … More ce of spatial order of rooms. Some set of rules are applicable only to MACHIYA constructed after mid-18c. These facts show the possibility of the schema grammar such that we can argue a meaning of spatial relation of architectural space.CHASHITSU,tea ceremony room is a typical Japanese traditional architectural space. We analyzed 57 floor plans of small types of CHASHITSU that was called KOMA or SOUAN-FUU.The first rule (the initial schema) expresses a relationship between a host and guests which is also a spirits of tea ceremony. Another part of rules regulates a spatial order and direction from TOKO,a high position in space to NIJIRIGUCHI,an entrance of guests. Using the schema grammar, we find some aspects of characteristics of CHASHITSU.The construction of the schema grammar is not simple. For this difficulty, we propose a new language system named "Spatial Allocation Language (SAL)" as a simple methd for describing architectural plans. Described architectural plan by SAL is a symbol string and can be analyzed by computer. When a schema grammar and a string representing a plan are given, we can know whether the grammar generates the plan or not by a parsing algorithm proposed here. By using the computer, we can find easily find the schema rules.MINKA is a name of Japanese traditional folk house. We analyzed 113 plans of MINKA built in the northern area of Japan. We can find a schema grammar using a computer. We also find facts such that the difference of application of rules corresponds to difference of district. Less