Nationwide survey of serotypes and atimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae between 1994 and 1996

本研究调查了1994 ~ 1996年日本各大医疗中心肺炎链球菌临床分离株的抗菌药物耐药性和血清型。对四环素类（TC、MINO）、大环内酯类（EM、CAM）和克林霉素的耐药率超过50%。对万古霉素无耐药菌株，对喹诺酮类药物高度耐药的菌株较少。碳青霉烯类抗生素对分离菌株有较强的抗菌活性（IPM，PAPM）和口服头孢菌素中的CDTR和CFPN。关于通过纸片扩散法检测肺炎链球菌头孢噻肟耐药菌株的筛选试验，头孢克洛纸片法上级头孢噻肟纸片法，头孢噻肟纸片法易漏测耐药菌株（PBP 2B和PBP 2X基因）的耐药菌株的肺炎链球菌。

This study was conducted to investigate antimicrobial susceptibilities and serotypes of clinical isolates of S.pneumoniae in aeveral medical centers throughout Japan from 1994 to 1996.Penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae was isolated in 30 to 50% of the total isolates and the resistant isolates widely distributed throughout Japan.The most common serotypes were 3,6,19 and 23 in the total isolates as well as in those of Penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae.More than 50% of the isolates showed resistance to tetracyclines (TC,MINO), macrolides (EM,CAM) and clindamycin. There was no resistant isolate to vancomycin and the isolates having high resistant to quinolones were small in number. The strong antibacterial activity to the isolates was observed carbapenems (IPM,PAPM) in beta-lactam antibiotics and CDTR and CFPN in oral cephems.Concerning a screening test by a disk diffusion method for detecting cefotaxime-resistant strains of S.pneumoniae, cefaclor disk method was superior to a cefotaxime disk method which was apt to miss a resistant strain.We investigated alteration of penicillin-binding proteins genes (PBP2B and PBP2X genes) of the resistant strains of S.pneumoniae.