Nursing Strategies to Promote Young Children's Ability to Cope with Pain

本研究的目的是(1)探讨幼儿对静脉穿刺术的应对行为，(2)考察母亲对孩子疼痛体验的感知，(3)确定儿童应对行为与母亲感知等因素之间的关系。在一家儿科门诊病房，对62名1~6岁的母亲进行了儿童疼痛体验问卷调查。研究结果表明：1.幼儿的发育水平和既往疼痛经历是影响幼儿评价静脉穿刺术的重要因素。2.4~6岁儿童比4岁以下儿童在静脉注射前表现出更多的自我保护行为、信息寻求行为和参与行为。在静脉留置全过程中采取行为应对策略和认知应对策略。那些以独立的态度参加静脉穿刺术以满足母亲的期望的幼儿，从母亲的支持中获得了满足和掌握，接受了他们的孩子。有较多恐惧的儿童在整个静脉穿刺术过程中采取的应对策略很少，他们的母亲也有很大的恐惧，无法为孩子提供有效的支持。

The purposes of this study were (1) to explore young children's coping behaviors to a venipuncture, (2) to examine mother's perceptions of their child's pain experience, (3) to identify relatiomships among child's coping behaviors, mother's perception and other factors.At a pediatric out-patient unit, a questionaire about child's pain experience was administered to 62 mothers with 1 to 6 year-old child, and 33 venipunctures with 28 children were observed.Results of this study were as follows :1. Developmental level and previous pain experience of young children were the important infliencing factors on the children's appraisal of a venipuncture. Children could appraise a venipuncture and tried to cope with intrusive pain and fears.2.4 to 6 year-old children showed self-protective behaviors and information-seeking and participative behaviors before a venipuncture more frequently than those under 4 yesr-old children did. Also they could take behavioral and cognitive coping strategies during the whole process of a venipuncture.3. Young children who participated in a venipuncture with independent attitude to meet their mother's expectation attained satisfaction and mastery from mother's support to accept their sfforts. Children with much fears could take few coping strategies during the whole process of a venipuncture, and their mothers also had much fears and were not able to provide effective support to their child.