Comparative Study on the Historical Development of Agricultural Technology

完成了三年的项目，我们得到了以下结果。本研究有两个方法学特点；(1)从经济效益至上的角度关注容易被忽视的事情。(2)比较各国农业技术的历史进程。研究农业技术的历史进程，对于弄清现代社会的局限性是很有用的，因为现代社会的生产能力已经超出了我们的控制。各国农业技术的发展过程因其历史和气候条件的不同而有很大差异。迄今为止的研究有忽视气候条件在农业技术发展中的重要性的倾向。战后西方国家一直以提高农业生产力为主要目标。然而，很明显，农业的发展已经在农村造成了广泛的环境破坏。可持续农业现在已成为发达国家的一个关键词，农业政策正在改变，以引入更环保的生产方式。发展中国家农业技术的发展必须遵循一个更为复杂的过程。他们必须同时实现农业生产力的提高和生产的持久性这两个目标。有必要制定目标，使农业技术体系自力更生地适应发展中国家的历史和气候条件。

Having finished the three-years project we get the following results.1.This study has two methodological characteristics ; (1) To pay attention to things easily neglected from a view point which regards economic efficiency as most important. (2) To comparison the historical process of agricultural technology in various countries.2.The study on the historical process of agricultural technology is quite useful to clarify a limit of the modern society where the production capacity has grown out of our control.3.The development processes of agricultural technology are widely different in each country according to its historical and climate conditions. Studies up to now have had a tendency to neglect the importance of climate condition in anal sin the agricultural technology.4.Western countries have been aiming to increase the agricultural productivity as its main purpose in the post-war era. However it has become quite clear that the agricultural development has caused environmental destruction in a wide rage of the countryside. Sustainable agriculture has now become a key word in the developed countries and the agricultural policies are being changed in order to introduce more environmental friendly ways of production.5.The development of agricultural technology in developing countries have to follow the more complicated process. They have to simultaneously accomplish the two goals--the increasing of agricultural productivity and the durability of production. It should be necessary to get the goals to make a system of agricultural technology self-reliantly fitted for the historical and climate conditions in developing countries.