Optical biomicroscopy in fundus diseases

激光扫描检眼镜（SLO）可分别用氩激光和氦氖激光增强视网膜表层和深层的图像，光学相干断层扫描（OCT）可提供分辨率为10-20 μ m的视网膜横断面图像。我们研究了OCT单独或OCT与SLO联合应用对各种眼底疾病的“体内组织学”。1）SLO显示Henle纤维层的升高是黄斑裂孔发展的初始变化。OCT检查为中心凹视网膜劈裂，网膜由中心凹视网膜色素上皮脱离形成。2)氩激光和氦-氖激光均能清楚显示视网膜前膜和视网膜表面皱褶。OCT显示意外的视网膜增厚，特别是在外层视网膜。3)OCT显示黄斑水肿的三种类型，包括海绵样水肿、囊样水肿和浆液性视网膜脱离。4)年龄相关性黄斑变性的横断面图像显示视网膜下色素上皮间隙的反射率增加，根据病变从RPE脱离到视网膜样变性伴脉络膜新生血管的演变。5)OCT显示高度近视合并后葡萄球菌的视网膜反射率降低。随着视轴的延长，视网膜劈裂可在黄斑处发展。6)光学相干断层扫描显示脱离的视网膜可能发生组织肿胀。

Scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) allows an enhanced image of superficial and deeper retinal layr observed by argon and helium-neon laser respectively.Optical coherence tomography (0CT) provides an cross-sectional image of the retina with 10-20 um resolution. We studied "the histology in vivo" of various fundus diseases with OCT alone or with OCT and SLO.1) SLO showed an elevation of the Henle's fiber layr is an initial change in macular hole development. It was observed as the retinoschisis at the fovea with OCT.Operculua was formed by thin retinal tissue detached from the retinal pigment epithelium at the fovea. 2) SLO clearly demonstrated the epiretinal membrane and surperficial retinal folds by argon and helium-neon laysers. OCT revealed unexpected retinal thickning particularly at the outer retina. 3) OCT demonstrated the three pattern of macular edema which included a sponge-like swelling, cystoid edema and serous retinal detachment. 4) The cross-sectional image of age-related macular degeneration showed the increased reflectivity of subretinal pigment epithelial space according to the evolution of the lesion from RPE detachment to the disciform degeneration with choroidal neovascularization. 5) OCT showed decreased reflectivity of the retina in heigh myope with posterior staphloma. As elongation of the optical axis, retinoschisis may develop at the macula. 6) OCT demonstrated the detached retina may develop tissue swelling.