Saccade control during reading

以扫视和注视为指标，对日语文本的阅读过程进行了实验研究。在文本阅读过程中，我们通过精确控制眼球运动来理解文本的含义。两种眼球运动，即，在阅读过程中已经通过实验发现了扫视和注视。眼跳在眼球运动中具有快速的加速和停止阶段。此外，扫视与阅读过程中如何确定下一个注视点的问题有着密切的联系。什么样的参数控制扫视的幅度。扫视幅度是有意（或自动）计算的，还是取决于文本的结构？本研究旨在探讨被试呈现不同结构文本时的眼跳和注视行为。研究结果表明：（1）眼跳不受文本结构的影响，而注视时间受文本结构的影响，尤其是语义信息的影响。此外，已经发现扫视取决于语言和汉字混合（和仅平假名）文本属性的差异而改变。(2)扫视出现独立于阅读方向，如垂直和水平阅读。(3)之前在英语和法语中观察到的最佳观察位置（OVP）也在日语中观察到。OVP行为中的眼跳控制表明，在阅读单个单词时，眼睛自动检测到最佳位置。研究表明，扫视控制在阅读过程中以多种方式产生影响。

Reading processes of Japanese text were investigated experimentally using saccade and fixation as the indices. During text reading we understand a meaning of the text using precise control of the eye movements. Two kinds of eye movements, i.e., saccade and fixation, have been experimentally found during reading. Saccade has quick acceleration and stopping phase in eye movements. Further, saccade has close connection with the issue on how to determine next fixation locus during reading. What kind of parameter controls the magnitude of saccade. Is saccade magnitude computed intentionally (or automatically) or does it depend on structure of the text? The purpose of the present research was to investigate saccade and fixation behavior when the subject presented texts having variety of text structure. Following results are obtained :(1) Saccade is likely not to change depending on the text structure while fixation time depends on structure, especially on semantic information. Further, saccade has found to change depending on difference of language and kanji-mixed (and hirakana only) text properties.(2) Saccade appears independent of reading direction such as vertical and horizontal reading.(3) Optimal Viewing Position (OVP), previously observed in English and French, was also observed in Japanese. Saccade control during OVP behavior showed the eyes automatically detected optimal position during reading a single word. The study showed saccade control has influences during reading in various ways.