Inter-relationships of Technologies and the R & D System

本文的主要目的是分析两点。首先，它根据在美国发表的有关该主题的论文数量，研究了在科学和技术领域处于高位的国家的研究能力，这些研究能力与生产DRAM芯片和MPU至关重要的曝光设备有关。其次，利用JICST编制的以技术领域为重点的数据，分析了美国和日本研究机构采用的研究体系之间的差异。分析的新发现是，首先，在美国发表的基本暴露技术领域的论文中，有近70%被美国和日本这两个国家所占据。其次，美国的大学、公司和研究机构的研究体系是很平衡的，而在日本则是不平衡的，因为公司（私营）部门贡献了日本作者在美国发表的近70%的论文。因此，如果日本企业失去了为巨额研发成本融资所必需的垄断利润，该国的基础研究将会崩溃。

The main objective of this paper is to analyze two points. First, it examines the research capabilities of the countries which are highly placed in the science and technology fields with regard to exposure equipment, essential to the production of DRAM chips and MPU's, based on the number of papers on this topic published in the USA.Second, it looks at the differences between the research systems adopted by research institutions in the USA and Japan, using the data compiled by JICST which focuses on the technology fields.The new findings of the analysis are, first, nearly 70 percent of the papers published in the USA in the essential exposure technology fields are accounted for by two countries, namely, the USA and Japan. And second, the research system in universities, companies and institutions is well balanced in the USA,while in Japan it is unbalanced, because the company (private) sector contributes almost seventy percent of the papers by Japanese authors published in the USA.Accordingly, if the Japanese companies lost the monopolisitic profits necessary to finance huge R & D costs, basic research in the country would collapse.