聴覚の発達段階における内耳電気刺激の影響と可塑性

研究了雏鸡听损伤后听觉毛细胞的再生和神经网络的发育，以了解听觉可塑性机制。研究发现，在强噪声暴露导致毛细胞破坏后，支持细胞立即分裂分化为新的毛细胞（Umemoto et al, Cell & Tissue Res 1995）。基础FGF与支持细胞的增殖有关。研究了细胞粘附分子NCAM-H和甘油三酯在雏鸡听觉神经发育过程中的作用。有人认为NCAM-H在内耳发育过程中特异性调节传入神经纤维的生长和与毛细胞的突触形成（Kajikawa et al, Hearing Res 1997）。黄芩苷与听上皮细胞增殖有关，并与神经突生长因子一起在听神经节细胞的神经突延伸中发挥作用（Kajikawa等，J Neurocytol 1997）。听觉可塑性也在接受人工耳蜗的人类受试者中进行了研究。先天性耳聋或语言前耳聋的儿童在经过2 - 3年的听觉语言训练后表现出优异的听觉能力（Kubo和Iwaki， Pediatric Otolaryngol 1997）。

Auditory hair cell regeneration after acoustic trauma and development of neural network were studied in chick for understanding auditory plasticity mechanism. It was found that the supporting cells devided and deferentiated into new hair cells immediately after the destruction of hair cells caused by the intense noise exposure (Umemoto et al, Cell & Tissue Res 1995). The basic FGF was related to the proliferation of the supporting cells. The role of cell adhesion molecules such as NCAM-H and gicerine on the process of auditory nerual development were then studied in the chick. It was suggested that NCAM-H specifically regurated the afferent nerve fiber's growth and synaptogenesis with hair cells during inner ear development (Kajikawa et al, Hearing Res 1997). The gicerin was associated with cell proliferation in the auditory epithelium, and playd a role in neurite extension of the acousitc ganglion cells in conjunction with neurite outgrowth factor (Kajikawa et al, J Neurocytol 1997). Auditory plasticity was also studied in human subjects who received the cochlear implant. Congenitally deafned or pre-lingualistically deafned children demonstrated an excellent auditory ability after two to three years auditory-verbal habilitation (Kubo and Iwaki, Pediatric Otolaryngol 1997).