Research and Development on Evaluation of Surface Damage and Performance of Gear Pairs under Extreme Environment

为了评估齿面损伤和极端环境下的传动性能，设计并研制了一台高真空齿轮试验台。摩擦学研究是在高真空、常压和高温下进行的。以典型的细晶陶瓷Sialon、Al_2O_3和ZrO_2为例，阐述了细晶陶瓷的高温摩擦磨损特性。考察了新开发的耐磨钢(WRS)的耐磨磨损性能。化学镀镍磷合金涂层具有较好的摩擦磨损性能，在高比滑动条件下具有较高的胶合能力，但硫化涂层的摩擦磨损性能改善不大。考察了表面改性处理对轧辊滚动接触疲劳性能和胶合能力的影响。化学镀Ni-P合金轧辊的滚动接触疲劳强度和胶合能力均大于未镀镍磷合金轧辊，且在高比滑移率下，胶合能力的改善尤为显著。通过直齿圆柱齿轮和两缸摩擦磨损试验，考察了表面修形齿轮和滚子在高真空条件下的摩擦磨损特性。在滚子的情况下，化学镀Ni-P合金的磨损率大于镀锡，而在齿轮副的情况下，磨损率则相反。渗硫层在低压下初始摩擦系数小，扭矩损失小，渗硫层磨损小。在较低的接触压力下，镀锡层的初始摩擦系数增大，磨粒向摩擦表面转移，而摩擦系数降低，表面改性层均匀磨损后，扭矩损失和齿形变化最小。

To evaluate the tooth flank damage and the driving performance under extreme environments, a gear test rig employed in high vacuum was designed and developed. The tribological research was performed in high vacuum as well as under normal enrivonment and at high temperature. Friction and wear characteristics of fine ceramics at high temperature were elucidated with Sialon, Al_2O_3 and ZrO_2, which were the typical fine ceramics. The wear and suffing performance of the wear resisting steel (WRS), which was a newly developed steel, was examined. The friction and wear characteristics of WRS was superior and the electroless Ni-P alloy plated WRS had high scuffing capacity at high specific sliding, but the sulfurized WRS was not so improved. The influence of the surface modification treatment on the rolling contact fatigue and the scuffing capacity of rollers was examined. The rolling contact fatigue strength and the scuffing capacity of the electroless Ni-P alloy plated rollers were larger than those of the non-coated rollers and the improvement of scuffing capacity was remarkable at high specific sliding. Friction and wear characteristics of surface modified gears and rollers in high vaccum were examined by spur gear and two cylinder tests. In case of rollers the wear rate of electroless Ni-P alloy plating was larger than that of Sn plating, but in case of gear pair that was the other way about. In case of sulfurizing the initial friction coefficient was low and the torque loss was small under the low pressure where the wear of the sulfurized layr was small. The initial friction coefficient of the Sn plating increased under the low contact pressure, where wear particles were transferred onto the frictional surface, while the friction coefficient decreased, and the torque loss and the change of tooth profile were the smallest after the surface modified layr worn uniformly.