Development of Chemical Evolution Simular in Interstellar Space

黑暗星云中的原始固体颗粒由微小的硅酸盐矿物组成，这些矿物被有机物质包裹，然后又被宇宙化学冰包裹。当它们暴露在紫外线、宇宙射线或一些高能量源(如碰撞和辐射)下时，它们的物理和化学性质会通过热变质、蒸发以及化学和同位素分馏而相应地改变。在这些事件中产生的新分子成为星际空间下一代的组成部分。在我们自己的太阳星云中，在古代，星际尘埃以大致相同的方式被改变和循环，相互碰撞，并凝聚到微型行星的初级天体中。碳质陨石就是这种天体的碎片。我们开发了一种新的实验室系统，能够监测原始星际粒子在各种能源的受控通量下产生的分子随时间的演化。有了这款新的Devi…更多的Ce，我们能够调查原始太阳星云的物理环境，并有望破译太阳系物质的起源。新的设备--宇宙化学演化模拟器--配备了三个涡轮分子泵、一个主真空室和一个不同的真空分室。高真空系统在空载时产生10^lt；-10；托尔，在高温加热时比10^lt；-7；托尔更好。主真空室配有高温钨加热器、紫外线灯或红外线灯，以提供高/低温度或高/低能量，用来加热、改变和蒸发碳质微粒等原始材料。分室用于四极质谱计或红外分光光度计的质谱分析和光度测定。代替附连到主室的副室的恒温器室为极低温度提供了冷衬底。由原始固体粒子产生的本土分子被浓缩以复制星际冰和有机化合物。根据这些结果，我们的主要目标，即开发星际空间化学演化模拟器，现在已经完成。较少

Primordial solid particles in the dark nebula consist of minuscule silicate minerals mantled by organic materials, and in turn by cosmochemical ice. When they are exposed to UV,cosmic rays, or some high energy sources such as collision and radiation, their physical and chemical properties are altered accordingly through thermal metamorphism, evaporation, and chemical and isotopic fractionations. The new molecules generated in those events become constituents of the next generation in interstellar space. In our own solar nebula, in ancient times, interstellar dust were altered and recycled in much the same way, collided each other, and coaggulated to primary bodies of miniature planets. Carbonaceous meteorites are debris of such celestial bodies.We have developed a new laboratory system that is capable of monitoring time-dependent evolution of molecules generated from primordial interstellar particles as they are exposed to controlled fluxes of various energy sources. With this new devi … More ce, we are able to investigate the physical environment of the primordial solar nebula, and hopefully decipher the origin of the solar system materials.The new device, "the cosmochemical evolution simulator" is equipped with three turbomolecular pumps, a main vacuum Chamber, and a diffentia11y-evacuated sub-chamber. The high vacuum system produces 10^<-10> Torr with no load, and better than 10^<-7> Torr during high-temperature heatings. The main vacuum chamber is equipped with a high-T tungsten heater, UV lamp, or IR lamp to provide high/low temperatures or high/low energies, with which primordial materials such as carbonaceous fine particles are heated, altered, and evaporated. The sub-chamber is used for mass spectrometric analyzes and photometry either with a quadrupole mass spectrometer or IR spectrophotometry attached to it. A criostat chamber in place of the sub-chamber attached to the main chamber provides a cold substrate for extreme low temperatures. Indigenous molecules generated from the primordial solid particles are condensed to reproduce interstellar ice and organic compounds.From these results, our primary goal, viz.development of chemical evolution simulator in interstellar space, is now complete. Less