Control of Echinococcus multilocularis in rural area by anthelminthics application for definitive hosts

多房棘球绦虫是北海道地区最重要的人畜共患寄生虫之一。1996年，这种寄生虫在狐狸中的流行率达到40%。在静子(国家公园)、小水(农村)和札幌(市区)进行了3次确定宿主多房棘球绦虫的调查，第一次是在静子国家公园应用辅抗原检测方法监测人与狐密切接触频繁的旅游点的流行情况。在这个地区，已确定了8个狐狸科领地。副抗原和虫卵的检测大多局限于一个家庭，这表明柴藤子的患病率很低。第二项研究是在小水进行的。在约200平方公里的研究区域内共发现狐狸洞穴168个，生活在那里的狐狸家庭31个。在窝点周围采集的粪便中，48.5%的粪便伴原抗原阳性。这表明小水的患病率很高，幼崽的患病率更高。在过去的二十年里，在北海道的市区里观察到了赤狐。这引发了一个严重的公共卫生问题。第三项研究调查了札幌市城区(242.4 km2)狐狸的分布情况。冬季，在市区均匀分布的130个公园和林地，检查了雪地上的狐狸踪迹。结果表明，城区狐狸分布较广，但分布不均匀。狐狸密集地栖息在城市外围地区。市区及周边的17个地点发现了狐狸繁殖窝点。在窝点周围采集狐狸粪便，用辅原抗原检测方法检查包虫病的感染情况。有7处粪便检出粪便辅抗原阳性。这表明感染了多房棘球绦虫的狐狸已经入侵了市区。

Echinococcus multilocularis is one of the most important zoonotic parasites distributed in Hokkaido. In 1996, the prevalence of the parasite in foxes reached to 40%. Three surveys for E.multilocularis in definitive hosts were carried out in Shiretoko (National Park), Koshimizu (Rural area) and Sapporo (Urban area).First survey was conducted in the Shiretoko National Park to apply coproantigen detection method in monitoring for the prevalence at touring spots where close contact between human and foxes are frequently observed. In this area, 8 fox family territories have been determined. Detection of coproantigen and eggs was mostly restricted in one family, suggesting the prevalence in Shiretoko was very low. The second study was conducted in Koshimizu. In total 168 fox dens were found in about 200km^2 study area and 31 fox families living there. Faeces collected around dens were 48.5% coproantigen positive. These suggested high prevalence in Koshimizu and higher prevalence in pups. In the two decades, red foxes have been observed in urban area in Hokkaido. This cause a serious public health thread. In the third study, the distribution of foxes in the urban area (242.4km^2) of Sapporo were investigated. In winter, fox trails on the snow were checked at 130 parks and woodland areas distributed evenly in urban area. It is showed that foxes were all over the urban area, but were not evenly distributed. Foxes inhabited densely the urban peripheral area. Fox breeding dens were found at 17 spots in and around the urban area. Fox feces were collected around the dens and were checked for the Echinococcus infection by the coproantigen detection method. Coproantigen positive feces were found at 7 spots. This shows that the foxes infected E.multilocularis have invaded into the urban area.