CHARACTERISTICS OF ATTENTION IN DEPTH

本研究考察了在观察者移动条件下，视觉注意在深度（不同距离）上的转移。结果清楚地表明，在所有条件下，近距离目标的反应时间都比远距离目标的反应时间短。这支持三维空间的以观看者为中心的表示。在注意转移（转换）方向上，注意从远位置向近位置转移的反应时比注意从远位置向近位置转移的反应时短。这被称为“注意力的橡皮筋隐喻”（注意力转移的非对称观众中心模式）。在高速行驶状态下差异最大，而在静止状态下几乎没有差异。这些结果对于驾驶员的安全性和生态有效性是合理的。从安全性的角度讨论了进一步的潜在机制和适用建议。其中一个建议是，从安全的角度来看，车辆中的视觉显示器（例如视觉导航显示器）不适合驾驶员。这是因为在从近位置到远位置的注意转换中发现了较差的性能。在上述研究结果的基础上，通过使用三维幻灯片的固定模拟器来检验汽车导航系统对注意到前方视觉信息的影响。受试者的任务是在观察导航系统之前、期间和之后检测交通状况的危险变化。测量反应时间。发现劣化率至少为0.71，并且劣化在观察航行之前至少1秒开始，并且劣化效果在观察之后持续2秒。

In the present study, shift of visual attention in depth (different distance) was examined in observer moving condition. No previous research like this was performed in spite of the importance.The results clearly showed that reaction time of nearer targets are shorter than that of farther targets in all conditions. This supports viewer centered representation of three dimensional space. Concerning direction of shift (switching) of attention, reaction time of shift of attention from far location to near location is shorter than the reverse. This is called "rubber band metaphor of attention" (asymmetrical viewer centered mode of attentional shift). The difference is largest in high speed moving condition, and almost no difference is found in stationary condition These results are reasonable for drivers' safety and ecologically valid. Further underlying mechanism and applicable suggestions are discussed from a viewpoint of safety. One of the suggestions is that visual displays such as visual navigation display in vehicles are not suitable for drivers from a viewpoint of safety. This is because poorer performance was found in switching of attention from near location to far location.Succeeding the above research results, the effect of in car navigation system on attention to forward visual information was examined by a stationary simulator using three dimensional slides. The task of subjects was to detect dangerous changes in traffic situations before, while and after observing navigation system. The reaction time was measured. It was found that the deterioration rate was at least 0.71, and also that the deterioration begins at least one second before observing a navigation and the deterioration effect persist two seconds after the observation.