Study on the Formation of Ethnic Stereotypic-Images

本研究旨在分析二战后日本人对韩国人的形象是如何在日本形成和转变的。本研究的资料如下：读者群较多的京都地方报纸《京都新报》上刊登的关于韩国人的文章；1996年我教授文化人类学的立命馆大学学生的问卷调查；1995-1997年在京都、川崎、荒川和福冈的一些韩国人的生活史；以及维滕材料。有学者指出，报纸对二战前韩国人负面形象的形成有很大的影响。然而，在二战后，关于韩国人的文章的处理方式发生了变化。第二次世界大战结束后，它立即被相对扭曲和歧视，而且在数量上是有限的。这一趋势一直持续到上世纪60年代末的S。换句话说，我们很少看到有正面韩国人形象的文章。对20世纪50年代的S和60年代的S时期的韩国人形象进行的研究发现，日本人对朝鲜人的印象是“不瘦”、“狡猾”、“卑鄙”。然而，尤其是自上世纪80年代的S以来，有关朝鲜人的文章在质和量上都发生了变化。从政治到文化，文章的范围变得更加广泛，这是1950年的S和1960年的S所罕见的，文章的数量急剧增加。除此之外，影响塑造更多正面形象的文章也有所增加。但是，从问卷分析的结果可以看出，日本年轻人对朝鲜人的印象刚刚从过去明显的负面印象转变为“模棱两可”的负面印象。

This study aims to analyze how images on the Koreans in Japan have been formed and transformed among the Japanese in the post-World War II period. Data for this study are as follow : articles on Koreans appeared on the Kyoto Shinbun (newspaper) which is widely-read local newspaper in Kyoto ; questionnaires distributed among the students lof Ritsumeikan University whom I taught cultural anthropology in 1996 ; life histories of some koreans in Kyoto, Kawasaki, Arakawa and Fukuoka between 1995 and 1997 ; and witten materials.It has been pointed out by some scholars that newspapers had great infuence on the formation of negative images of the Koreans before World War II.However, in post-World War II,treatment of articles on the Koreans has changed. Immediately after World War II,it was relatively distorted and discriminative, and quantitatively it was limited. This trend went on until late 1960's. In other words, we seldom find articles with positive images of Koreans. Some researches on the Korean images carried out during the 1950's and 1960's found that the Koreans were imaged "unlean""tricky""mean" among lthe Japanese. However, especially since 1980's, the articles on the Koreans have transformed both qualitatively and quatitatively. The range of the articles have become more wide from political to cultural aspects which we could seldom find in the 1950's and 1960's. The number of articles has increased dramatically. In addition to that, articles affecting to create more positive images have increased. But, from the result of the analysis of the questionnaire, it is pointed out that images on the Koreans held among the young Japanese have just transformed to "ambiguous" negative-images from clearly negative-ones in the old days.