CONCRETE AND COMPARATIVE RESEARCH ON REALIZATION OF RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE

这项研究的初衷是调查那些与土著人民有着悠久传统和习俗的国家的政治和法律特征，以探索实现日本北部土著人民阿伊努人权利的可能性。例如，这项研究涉及美洲原住民的土地主张运动，加拿大1982年宪法中的土著权利条款，澳大利亚高等法院对Mabo的裁决。然而，在研究期间，日本政府开始为阿伊努人准备一项新的立法。考虑到新法律的重要性，调查员决定将对政府提案的审查纳入研究。此外，札幌地方法院1997年3月关于“Nibutani Dam”的裁决为研究提供了重要材料。作为研究的结果，调查员获得了一些见解，包括：虽然Ainu新法经常因缺乏承认Ainu土著权利的条款而受到批评，但对于缺乏经验的日本来说，从恢复Ainu人的传统文化开始并不是没有道理的，Ainu传统文化是人民骄傲的源泉。“Nibutani Dam”决定将承认Ainu人为土著人民作为一个因素，使政府有义务考虑他们的文化权利，而不是考虑到非土著少数群体。这一做法为承认日本土著人民的特殊宪法和法律权利提供了有说服力的论据。

This study originally purported to investigate political and legal characteristics of countries who have long tradition and practices concerning indigenous peoples in order to explore the possibility to realize the rights of the Ainu, the indigenous people of northern Japan. The study dealt, for example, with Native American's land claim movements, the indigenous rights provision of the Canada's 1982 Constitution, the Mabo decision of the High Court of Australia.During the research, however, the Japanese government began to prepare a new legislation for the Ainu. Considering the importance of the new law, the investigator decided to include the examination of the governmental proposal into the study. In addition, Sapporo District Court's decision concerning "Nibutani Dam" in March 1997 provided significant material to the study.As a result of the study, the investigator gained insights including ;Although the Ainu New Law is often criticized for want of provisions recognizing indigenous rights of the Ainu, it is not unreasonable for Japan who lacks experience to deal with indigenous peoples to begin by restoring Ainu's traditional culture which is the source of the people's pride."Nibutani Dam" decision employed the acknowledgment of the Ainu as indigenous people as a factor that makes the Government's obligation to give consideration to their cultural rights stronger than for a non-indigenous minority group. This approach provides persuasive argument for recognizing apecial constitutional and lagal rights of the indigenous people in Japan.