The Middle Class and Politics in the Philippines : With a Focus on the People Power Revolution and the August Twenty-One Movement

本研究的目的是调查菲律宾中产阶级的政治力量。这一尝试的主要原因是，在菲律宾历史上，城市中产阶级第一次在塑造国家政治方向方面发挥了重要作用，他们参加了反马科斯斗争，导致了“恢复民主的人民力量革命"。考虑到中产阶级力量由大量组织组成，其中许多组织的成员规模相当小，因此本研究集中于BANDILA，这是最大和最有影响力的各种中产阶级组织的伞式组织或联盟，以及BANDILA的一些成员组织，如已故Benigno Aquino的弟弟Agapito“Butz”Aquino领导的8月21日运动，对中产阶级政治力量的组织和行为以及他们的意识形态和纲领的一般分析的结果，几乎完全呈现在菲律宾的文章中，连同他们的简短历史叙述。关于“8·21”运动等个别组织的详细分析，将在以后的文章中进行介绍，但通过对其他国家中产阶级的比较研究，对菲律宾的研究结果进行理论概括，将是今后最重要的课题。

The purpose of this research was to investigate the political forces of the middle class in the Philippines. The main reason for this attempt was that for the first time in Philippine history the urban middle class playd an important role in shaping the political direction of the country by activity participating in the anti-Marcos struggle leading to the "people power revolution which restored democracy. Considering the fact that the middle class forces were composed of a large number of organizations many of which were quite small in membership size, this research focused on BANDILA,the largest and most influential umbrella organization or federation of various middle class organizations, and some member organizations of BANDILA such as the August Twenty-One Movement led by Agapito "Butz" Aquino, a younger brother of the late Benigno Aquino, Jr.The results of the general analyzes of the political forces of the middle class in terms of their organization and behavior as well as of their ideology and program were almost fully presented, together with their brief historical account, in the Pilipinas article. While detailed analyzes of individual organizations such as the August Twenty-One Movement will be presented in another article soon, theoretical generalization of the findings in the Philippine context through comparative study of the middle class in other countries will be the most important future task.