The Historical Study on Chinese Modern Companies during the 20th Century

本研究通过大量有关中国现代管理学的著作和论文，阐释了中国现代管理学发展的历史进程和特点。研究结果如下：1.研究结果。公司的类型。大多数中国现代公司在早期都是以普通合伙的形式建立的。但必须看到，有限股份制公司逐渐增多，因为这类公司可以获得更多的投资。对技术的立场。虽然一些中国现代公司积极引进外国技术，但另一些公司则试图开发自己的技术。这与创新的问题有关。经理的品格。我们可以考虑如下几点：(1)第一代。他们的心态与中国传统士绅非常相似。(2)第二代。在创办现代公司之前，他们大多是传统商人或土生土长的银行家。(3)第三代。创始人的一些子女在国外留学，他们拥有管理和技术方面的专门知识。

Using a lot of books and papers written about Chinese modern managements, this study explains the historical process and character of their development. The results are as follows.1. The types of companies. Most of Chinese modern companies established as general partnerships in early days. But it must be noted that limited joint-stock companies gradually increased for such type of companies could get more investment.2. The stance to technology. While some of Chinese modern companies positively introduced foreign technology, others tried to develop their own technology. It was related the problem of the innnovation.3. The character of manager. We can consider as follows.(1) The first generation. Their mentality were very akin to those of the Chinese traditional gentry.(2) The second generation. Before they started modern companies, most of them were traditional merchants or native bankers.(3) The third generation. Some of the children of the founders studying abroad had special knowledge of management and technology.