A BASIC STUDY ON ADSORPTION PROPERTIES OF SOLUTE ON MEMBRANES AND CONTROL OF MEMBRANE FOULING

膜过滤作为一种新型的污水深度处理工艺，近年来受到了广泛的关注。在膜过滤过程中，膜跟随控制是一个常见的问题。本研究的目的是阐明有机溶质在膜材料上的吸附特性，并对实际废水处理中使用过的膜上的污染材料进行表征。采用高效液相色谱法，以醋酸纤维素（CA）、氧化铝和氯化聚乙烯（PE）为固定相，对其吸附性能进行了研究。虽然氧化铝不吸附醇类和苯，但有机化合物在CA和PE上有吸附。吸附量指标容量因子（log k′）的对数与辛醇/水分配系数（log K_< 0 /w>）呈线性相关。这表明，更多的吸附是由疏水相互作用控制的。卤素作为取代基对CA吸附的促进作用与羰基相似。ph - pe对氨基酸、核酸和核苷酸的吸附受到较大影响，特别是对芳香族化合物的吸附，基于固定相表面积的吸附量比十八烷基硅烷（ODS）的吸附量大100倍左右。采用EPMA、XPS和FTIR对生活污水处理膜上的污染物质进行了分析。通过膜清洗可以很容易地去除膜表面的污染物质，但对膜的元素分析结果表明，有机污染物没有被完全去除。这与膜过滤实验结果表明，去除膜孔中的污染物质是恢复水通量的必要条件。为此，用次氯酸钠溶液清洗是有效的。少

Membrane filtration has been used for advanced treatment for wastewater treatment and especially membrane bioreactor has lately attracted attention as a new type advanced treatment process for wastewater. In membrane filtration process a common problem is control of membrane foluing. The objectives of this work were to clarify the adsorption properties of organic solutes on membrane materials and to characterize the fouling meterials on the used membranes for actual wastewater treatment.The adsorption properties were examined with high performance liquid chromatography using membrane materials, i.e.cellulose acetate (CA), alumina, and chlorinated polyethylene (PE), as a stationary phase. Although alumina did not adsorbed alcohols and benzene, organic compounds were adsorbed on CA and PE.In later case logarithm of capacity factor (log k'), which is an index of adsorption amount, were correlated linearly with octanol/water partition coefficient (log K_<o/w>). This indicated that the adso … More rption was controlled by hydrophobic interaction.Halogen as a substituent promoted the adsorption on CA at similar degree in comparison with carbonyl group. The adsorption of amino acids, nucleic base, and nucleotides were strongly influenced by pH.PE was especially adsorbed aromatic compounds and the adsorption amounts based on surface area of the stationary phase were larger at about 100 times than those for octadecil silane (ODS).The fouling materials on the membranes used for domestic wastewater treatment were analyzed by EPMA,XPS,and FTIR.It was observed that the fouling material on membrane surface was easily removed by membrane cleaning, but the results from elemental analysis for the membranes indicated that organic foulant was not removed completely. This and the results of membrane filtration experiment suggested that the removal of fouling material in membrane pore was necessary to recover the water flux. For this purpose the cleaning with sodium hypochlorite solution was effective. Less