A THREE-DIMENSIONAL STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NERVES,VESSELS AND THE MUSCLES IN THE CHICK AND MAMMALIAN EMBRYOS USING A WHOLE MOUNT-IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STAINING

1)鸡胚迷走神经心脏分支（VCB）的发育通过对鸡胚早期迷走神经心脏分支（VCB）发育的追踪，我们发现迷走神经心脏分支可分为两组，分别发育于心脏动脉部位和静脉部位。本研究中最重要的发现是，这些VCB揭示了一种简单的对称排列，而不是复杂的排列，与主要解剖学和胚胎学教科书中的描述相反。特别是流向静脉部位的VCB，沿着上腔静脉和肺静脉的发展，到达房窦结和房室间隔，即房室结的位置。不幸的是，人类和脊椎动物的VCB术语非常混乱。每个作者都用同样的术语来描述迷走神经的不同分支。为了消除这种混淆，我们对鸡、大鼠、家鼩和成人的VCB进行了宏观研究，并以比以往更精确和详细的方式阐明了这些分支的形态学特征。本研究获得的结果为我们提供了足够的证据来支持一个自信的声明，即人类VCB的基本特征与包括鸡在内的脊椎动物相同。

1) Development of the vagal cardiac branches (VCB) in chick embryos By tracing the growth of the VCB at earlier stages of chick embryos, we found that the VCB are divided into 2 groups, those destined for the arterial site and those for venous site of the heart. Most important findings in this study that these VCB reveals a simple symmetrical, but not a complex, arrangement in contrast to the description in the leading anatomical as well as the embryological textbooks. Especially, the VCB destined for the venous site were found to follow the developing the superior vena cava and the pulmonary veins, reaching the sinuatrial node and the interatrial septum, the site of location of the atrioventricular node.2) Unfortunately, the terminology of the VCB of humans and of vertebrates are greatly confused. Every author has applied the same terms to different branches arising from the vagal nerve. For clearing this confusion, we have performed macroscopical studies on the VCB in the chicken, rats, house shrews, and in human adults, and elucidated the morphological features of these branches in a more exact and detailed than ever manner. The results obtained in this study provide us with suff icient evidence to support a confident statement that the fundamental features of the VCB in humans are the same as those in vertebrates, including chicken.