THE FORMATION MECHANISM OF NAIVE THEORY CONCERNED SOCIAL SCIENCES AND ITS REFORMATION STRATEGY

本研究的目的是找出学习者的天真信念，探索一种有效的教学方法，使学习者能够在解决问题时应用适当的规则。本研究的主要结果如下：“如果公司之间存在竞争，那么价格就会更低。”在初步研究中，本科生被问到，为什么两个车站之间相距相同但位置不同的两段铁路票价会有所不同。预期的答案是因为价格竞争，但给出这个答案的参与者比例很低。大多数学生的回答都不恰当地提到了成本。根据这些结果，设计了三个实验。实验1和实验2考察了指导对规则的影响，以及从消费者的角度解释规则的效果。这些实验的结果表明，这些干预措施都没有促进规则的应用。实验3考察了描述规则的方式和应用规则的实践的效果。这两个教学因素使参与者能够在解决问题时应用规则。

The purposes of the present research were to find out learners' naive believes and to investigate an effective teaching method so that learners would be able to apply an appropriate rule when solving problems. The main results of the present research were the following; The rule taken up was "if there is competition among companies, then prices are lower." In preliminary studies, undergraduates were asked why the railway fares on two sections between two stations equally far apart but in different locations were different. The expected answer was because of price competition, but the percentage of participants giving that answer was low. Most of the students' answers referred inappropriately to cost. In response to these results three experiments were designed. Experiments 1 and 2 examined the effect of instruction on the rule accompanied by an everyday example, and the effect of explaining the rule from the stand point of a consumer. The results of these experiments showed that neither of these interventions promoted application of the rule. Experiment 3 examined the effect of the way the rule was described and of practice in applying the rule. These two instructional factors resulted in the participants being able to apply the rule when solving problems.