An Attempt to analyse Metaphor from its new Theories, and German Literature of the 20th Century - from the Point of View of Cognitive Psychology and System Theory

本研究的目的是从德里达的差异与重复理论、自创生理论、卢曼的系统理论、信息加工理论、认知心理学（Lakoff）等近年来备受关注的现代隐喻新理论的角度来探讨隐喻的现实性和现实性。自1994年以来，我们一直在试图明确隐喻理论的意义，并澄清了基本观点和修辞立场。在本研究的下一阶段，我们将探讨“差异和分裂”在语言中的作用，因为“差距”现象不仅在从亚里士多德到里科埃尔的经典隐喻理论中被视为创造隐喻的第一个基本前提，而且在隐喻的新思想中也被视为创造隐喻的第一个基本前提。首先，我们重新审视了本雅明关于寓言的著名观点，其中缺口是必不可少的，然后是两种基于讽刺的理论……更多的转移机制，由于缺乏与指涉物的联系，我们的生活被虚拟的虚假和图像所覆盖；语言移位的概念（艾奇逊）和信息处理理论。之后，我们从认知心理学（Lakoff）的角度研究了隐喻的转变，它降低了每一个文化层面和活动，这些活动滑动了一个基本的感官水平，即间隙和转变，到物理维度。系统论也将自我反思的转换与落差视为交际、创造意义与隐喻的最重要条件之一。我们得出结论：转换不仅涉及消极的特性，而且涉及积极的各种潜能，是语言和思维的最必要条件之一。隐喻也是如此，它是语言的一部分，为了产生不同的观点和意义，它做出了最好的转变。因此，在我们的下一个主题中，我们想要考虑两种不同元素的组合机制，在隐喻的情况下，一个来自移位的生成系统。少

The purpose of this research is to investigate the present meaning and actuallity of metaphor from the point of view of several modern new theories about it, for example Derrida's thoery of difference and repetition, autopoiecis-theory, Luhmann's system theory, information processing theory, cognitive psychology (Lakoff) etc. which have lately attracted considerable attention.Since 1994 we have been trying to formulate the significance of theories about metaphor, and clarified elementar points and rhetotical position. As the next stage of our studies, we attempted to examine in this research how "differences and schifis" work in languages, because a phenomenon of "gaps" is regarded as the first fundamental prerequisite for creating a metaphor, not only in classical theories of metaphor from Aristoteles to Ricoeul, but also in new thoughts on metaphor.First we reexamined Benjamin's famous ideas about allegory to which gaps are essential, and then two theories that are based on ironical … More shift-mechanism which covers our life with virtual falses and images as a result of the absense of connections with referents; the notion of the shift-transposition in languages ( Aitchison) and information processing theory. After that we investigated shifts for metaphor from a point of view of the cognitive psychology (Lakoff) which reduces every cultural level and activity that slides a fundamental level of senses, namely gaps and shifts, to the physical dimension. System theory also regards the shift and gap by self-reflection as one of the most important conditions for communication and creating meaning and metaphor.We came to the conclusion that shift involves not only negative characters, but also positive various potentiality and are among the most necessary condition for language and thinking. It is also true of metaphor that is a part of the language and makes the best of shifts in order to produce of view and meanings. Consequently, in our next subject we would like to take a mechanism of combinations of two different elements, a generation-system from shifts, in the case of metaphor into consideration. Less