A Practical Study on Language Learning for the Deaf Children : with reference to Bilingual Education in Scandinavian Countries

在北欧国家，聋儿的目标是成为积极的双语者，手语作为他们的主要语言，口语（尤其是阅读和写作）作为他们的第一外语。本研究通过对丹麦实行聋人双语教育的历史背景进行研究，并从一般语言学和社会语言学的角度对丹麦用于聋人儿童丹麦语和丹麦手语教学的教材《亚当斯书》进行考察，探讨如何鼓励日本聋人儿童学习语言。本研究的结果清楚地表明，手语对聋儿学习语言具有优势。现在问题的关键不在于在聋人教育中是否需要使用手语，而在于如何将手语作为一门学科来教授，以及如何将手语作为一种教学语言来使用。为了为聋儿的合理、系统的教育铺平道路，日本必须解决以下问题：培训日语手语教师，探索教学方法，编写教材。培训日语、数学、自然科学、社会科学、英语等学科的手语教师，研究手语教学方法，编写手语教材。学习意味着使符号词汇量足够大，足够灵活，以编纂来自当今世界生活各个领域的知识和信息。培养手语研究方面的专家，使日本手语发展成为一门成熟的语言。研究双语教育，探索培养精通日语手语和日语的人才的方法。

In Nordic countries, the goal for deaf children is to become actively bilingual, with sign language successfully taught as their primary language and spoken language (reading and writing especially) as their first foreign language.In this research, the historical background that lead Denmark to adopt bilingual education for the deaf was studied and "Adams Book", a textbook used to teach Danish and Danish sign language for deaf children in Denmark, was examined from general linguistic and sociolinguistic point of view, to pursuit how we should encourage deaf children to learn language in Japan.The results of this study made it clear that sign language is of an advantage for deaf children to learn languages. The crux of the matter now is not whether it is desirable to use sign language in deaf education, but how it is taught as a subject and how it is used as a language of instruction.In order to pave the road for rational and systematic education of deaf children, Japan will have to solve the following problems :1. To train teachers who teach Japanese Sign Language as a subject, explore teaching methods, and prepare textbook.2. To train teachers who teach Japanese, mathematics, science, social studies, English and other subjects in sign language and study teaching methods, and prepare textbooks.3. To study means to make sign vocabulary large and flexible enough to codify knowledge and information from various domains of life in the present world.4. To train specialists in sign language studies and develop Japanese Sign Language as a full-fledged language.5. To study bilingual education and find methods to produce persons proficient in Japanese Sign Language and Japanese Language.