THE INSTITUTION OF CONTRACT AND THE ORGANIZATION OF THE FIRM IN A SYSTEM OF DIVISION OF LABOR

最后一年的研究目标是对企业内部和外部的交换机制进行分类，并提出在每种类型中发挥作用的合同模型，从而提供对劳动分工体系的全面看法。这些模型的基本思想是，企业组织提供的环境知识是对不完整合同的补充，从而使其不那么不完整。从这个角度出发，我探讨了涉及电子商务的合同和组织问题。在信息社会中，使物、钱、人和信息的流动效率最优化的是一种适合于这种社会中劳动分工制度的秩序形式。这种秩序的一种现实形式是以互联网为象征的网络，一个支持电子商务的网络。在这种情况下，由于交易成本大大降低，理性交换的机会与以正常面对面交流为前提的交换相比呈指数级增长。“新经济”理论家声称，通过这种方式，消费者和生产者的角色分工在这种环境中逐渐消失;消费者能够利用互联网参与新商品的规划，从而以很少的成本积累他们的反馈，从而有助于资源分配的理想化。这一现象不仅回答了效率论点所提出的一些问题，而且也回答了去年研究报告中所概述的异化论点。正如研究计划中所宣布的，我在1999年6月于纽约举行的IVR世界大会上，在题为“法律和劳动分工”的演讲中讨论了这一研究项目的结果和其他结果。

The research goal for the final year was to classify types of exchange schemes both inside and outside the firm, and to propose models of contracts functioning in each type, thereby providing a comprehensive view of a system of division of labor. The basic idea underlying the models is the view that the environmental knowledge provided by the organization of the firm functioned as a complement to an incomplete contract, thus making it less incomplete. From this view point, I had inquired into problems concerning contract and organization that involved e-commerce. What optimizes the efficiency of the flow of things, money, people and information in the information society is the form of order adequate for an institution of division of labor in such a society. A realistic form of such an order is the network symbolized by the internet, a network that espouses e-commerce. In this context, because the transaction costs are dramatically decreased, the opportunities for rational exchange increase exponentially compared to such exchange that presupposes normal face-to-face communication. Theorists of "new economy" claim that through this is that the division of roles into the consumer and producer erodes away in this environment ; the consumer is enabled to participate in the planning of new merchandise utilizing the internet so that their feedback may be accumulated at little cost, hence contributing to the idealization of the allocation of resources. This phenomenon answers not only some of the questions invoked by the efficiency thesis, but also the alienation thesis, as outlined in the research report of last year. As announced in the research schedule, I have discussed this and other findings of the research project at the World congress of IVR held in June 1999 in New York in a presentation entitled "Law and the Division of Labor".