Inquiry into Public Decision Systems Enabling the Preservation of the Environment : a philosophical and systematic analysis of the ideals concerning the environment

对保护环境的公共决策系统的探究：对环境理想的哲学和系统分析

• 批准号: 05301109
• 负责人: MORIGIWA Yasutomo
• 金额: $ 3.52万
• 依托单位: Nagoya University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1993 至 1994
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05301109/
• 关键词: public good; nation state; intergenerational ethics; public decision making; Coase's Theorem; social symbolic interaction; knowledge as system; environmental rights

A.This project takes an intra-social-scientific perspective comprised from philosophy, law, economics, sociology and system engineering, focuses on the assumptions and the claims of the social ethics of sustainable development among others, endeavors to build an defensible ideal concerning the preservation of the environment, while keeping in mind the problems of implementation thereof. The approach is based on the heritage of the free market approach while proposing ideals concerning institution building designed to overcome the shortcomings of this approach. At the same time, acknowledging that the fundamental solution of the problem of environment involves an appropriate system of income distribution, principles of redistribution based on the liberal ideal of social justice were investigated.B.It is widely known that the problem of environment taken on an international basis is a deeply entrenched, structural problem. What is not known is an effective method of analysis of the struc … More ture. We have taken up the concept of public space called "society" and followed its establishment in 19th century Europe, and the development of the method of management of society and the accompanying problems involved. The perspective we have developed is to understand the development of the environmental issues as part and parcel of the development of society and the lack of its management techniques.Through analysis from this perspective, we have uncovered the following : environmental issues which were heretofore economically understood as problems of externality were not able to come up with satisfactory answers for this very reason ; the formulation of the issues was inappropriate. What is needed is a theory which provides answers to the question of who is to provide for the social cost of environmental fatigue. Further, the very concept of social cost was brought into question. Could it hold water? The assumption was that the entity called the state would be able to distribute the costs of internalizing the externalities in a fair and equitable way. However, as in the case of Japan where the tragedies named 'kohgai' had come into being, any serious attempt to address the issue of the distribution of the responsibilty for environmental conservation came only after irreparable damage was afflicted on the environment and the health of residents. Put this way, it is easy to see that the correct form of analysis involves clarifying the mechanism whereby a spontaneous entity called society came to be partially controlled by the half-spontaneous, half-intentional institution called the state, and the misgivings arising from the lack of understanding of the working mechanism of social control.In order to effectively control society, direct methods prove to be inherently insufficient. The indirect method of control through the market mechanism is a necessity. However, the market has its misgivings or failures. What is needed here is a set of principles enabling the modification of the market such that the failures subside and the social system distributing the costs of environmental preservation can be called fair and equitable. Less

A.本项目从哲学、法学、经济学、社会学和系统工程学等社会科学的角度出发，关注可持续发展的社会伦理的假设和主张，努力建立一个关于保护环境的可辩护的理想，同时考虑到其实施问题。这一办法是以自由市场办法的传统为基础的，同时提出了关于旨在克服这一办法缺点的体制建设的理想。与此同时，认识到环境问题的根本解决涉及适当的收入分配制度，研究了基于社会正义的自由主义理想的再分配原则。B.众所周知，国际环境问题是一个根深蒂固的结构性问题。目前还不知道的是一种有效的结构分析方法。 ...更多信息 是的。我们采用了被称为“社会”的公共空间的概念，并遵循它在19世纪世纪欧洲的建立，以及社会管理方法的发展和所涉及的相关问题。我们所发展的观点是把环境问题的发展看作是社会发展的一部分，而缺乏管理技术，从这个角度进行分析，我们发现：在经济学上被理解为外部性问题的环境问题，正因为如此，才无法得到令人满意的答案;这些问题的表述是不适当的。我们需要的是一种理论，它能回答谁来承担环境疲劳的社会成本的问题。此外，社会成本的概念本身也受到质疑。它能装水吗？其假设是，被称为国家的实体将能够以公平和公正的方式分配外部性内部化的成本。然而，正如日本的情况一样，在发生了名为“kohgai”的悲剧之后，只有在环境和居民的健康受到不可弥补的损害之后，才认真尝试解决环境保护责任的分配问题。这样一来，就不难看出，正确的分析方式应该是弄清一个自发的实体--社会--如何被半自发半有意的机构--国家部分控制的机制，以及对社会控制的运行机制缺乏了解所产生的疑虑。为了有效地控制社会，直接的方法本身是不够的。通过市场机制的间接控制方法是必要的。然而，市场有其疑虑或失败。这里需要的是一套原则，使市场能够得到调整，从而使失败得以平息，使分配环境保护费用的社会制度能够被称为公平和公正。少

项目成果

田島 正樹: "アリストテレス倫理学ノート" 哲学雑誌. 109巻781号. 36-52 (1994)

田岛正树：《亚里士多德伦理学笔记》，哲学杂志，第 109 卷，第 781 期。36-52（1994 年）。

Inoki, Takenori: ""Entrepreneurial Elements in Privatization and Economic Development"" Y.Shionoya and M.Perlman(ed.), Innovation in Technology, Industries, and Institutions, The University of Michigan Press. (1994)

Inoki Takenori：“私有化和经济发展中的创业要素”Y.Shionoya 和 M.Perlman（编辑），技术、产业和机构的创新，密歇根大学出版社。

Satou, Toshiki & Inada, Masaya: "Various Workers : Towards polyphonic worklifes". Imada, Takatoshi(ed), Transformation of Worklife, NihonIBM, 106-116 (1994)

佐藤俊树

Satou, Toshiki: "Social system of Conflict-resolution in Japan". Tanase, Takao(ed), Tort Law Today, Yuuhikaku, 61-77 (1994)

佐藤敏树：“日本解决冲突的社会制度”。

俊藤俊樹: "個人と法人の資本主義-企業組織の歴史社会学" 組織科学. 27巻1号. 35-46 (1993)

Toshiki Shundo：“个人与企业资本主义——企业组织的历史社会学”《组织科学》，第 27 卷，第 1. 35-46 期（1993 年）。