Methodology on Excavation of Monuments in the Tropical Asia

(2)印度--1997年9月4日至13日：布巴内斯瓦尔，科纳拉克(B)1997年12月25日至1998年1月5日：勒克瑙，阿格拉(C)1998年3月22日至31日：马德拉斯。柬埔寨，海得拉巴(3)：(A)1998年8月17日至30日：Siemreap(吴哥古迹)(C)1998年12月18日至31日：Siemreap(吴哥古迹)，(D)1999年3月1日至24日：Siemreap(吴哥古迹)2.调查内容(1)泰国：素可泰平原和潮普拉河三角洲气候干燥。平均降水量在1300-1800毫米之间，雨季在6-11月之间。….相反，旱季持续6个月，从11月到5月，这期间的湿度，包括5月雨季结束时的时段从12月开始，降雨量只有100毫米。尤其是在3、4月份，中小河流河床裸露，一滴水也没有，红褐色的泥石流从一端到另一端，零星的森林和光秃秃的树木显得褪色和死气沉沉。这就是为什么，为了进行农业工作，在下雨天节约用水，以便在旱季使用是很重要的。由于苏特的尝试，巨大的水库被挖出来并投入使用。(2)印度：印度人建造了许多大大小小的人工湖，特别是南印度人，从而根据他们的需要调整土地和气候条件。这些石月描绘了这样一个事实，即每当建造寺庙时，也会建造大坝或水库。也有这样的词条：“不要害怕太阳的灼热”，这表明了这样一个事实，即通过控制能量，特别是所谓的“水”。这一地区的人们因为害怕风吹草动和洪水而停下来。然而，这一地区的土壤大多是沙土和粘土的混合物，很难被称为适合农业的土。在帕拉瓦王朝时期，人们在护城河周围建造护城河，将一部分雨水和河流的水引进来，在下雨的时候冲破堤坝，当水的体积大大增加时，节省了多余的水，并用它来耕种土地。这就是他们的生活方式。(3)柬埔寨：L。地质岩石学调查：旱季和雨季，有关地质和岩石学的调查是在吴哥地区进行的，特别是班泰克代。吴哥窟、吴哥洞等，取得了优异的成绩。2.结石强度的诊断共振法：共振法是现在日本的结晶，高科技是用来诊断变质结石的强度。根据对位于吴哥窟普劳十字形长廊中的柱子进行的共振测试，这些柱子的底部暴露出一种极其危险的情况。3.暹粒河水位及河床下降情况调查：考察暹粒河及吴哥时期灌溉系统的实际老化情况，对两者进行比较。总而言之，由于暹粒河床的下沉，灌溉系统不能正常运行。较少

l.Schedule (1) Trailand - (a) August 5-25,1996 Sukhotai (b) December 20-30,1996 Ayuthaya (c) March 10-23 , 1997 Lower Northeastern Thailand(2) India - (a) September 4-13,1997 : Bhubaneswar, Konarak (b) December 25,1997- January 5,1998 : Lucknow, Agra (c) March 22-31, 1998 : Madras. Kanchipuram, Hyderabad(3) Cambodia- (a) August 17-30 September 1998 : Siemreap(Angkor Monuments) (c) December 18-31,1998 : Siemreap(Angkor Monuments), (d) March 1-24,1999 : Siemreap(Angkor Monuments).2.Conterits of Survey(1) Thailand : The Sukhotai plain and the delta of Chaopraya River are characterized with a dry climate. The average precipitation is berween 1300-1800 mm and the rainy season is between June and November. It rains particularly often in September and October, when in places it a water pillar connects the sky with the ground.On the contrary, the dry season lasts six months , from Desember to May, and the humidity during this period, including the periods at the end of the rainy season in May … More and beginning in December, is marked to be a mere 100 mm of precipitation. Especially in March and April ; , when the medium sized and smaller rivers expose their river beds, and there is not a single drop of water, the reddishbrown earth strechers from one end to the other and the scattered forests with bare trees appear faded and lifeless. That is why , in order to carry out agricultural work, it was important to save up water during the rainy serson to use it during the dry season. Due to suth at attempt, huge reservoirs weredigged and put into practice.(2) India : The Indian people costructed a number of large and small artificial lakes, in particicular South Indian people thus adjusting the land and climatic conditions in accordance with their necessities. The stone monements depict the fact, that whenever a temple was built a dam or a water reservoir was also constructed. There are also entries like, "afraid not from the burning heat of the sun, " which make clear the fact, that by gaining control over the energy, notably called "water" . the people of the region stopped to fear the draft and the floods.Yet, the soil in this part of the world is mostly a mixture of sand and clay, one, which can hardly be called suitable for agriculture, At the times of Pallava Dynasty people constructed surrounding moats, into which they guided a part of the rain and rivers' waterthey broke dams during the rainy sersons, when die volume of the water considerably increased saving the water surplus and using it to cultivate the land. That was their way of life.(3)Cambodia : l. Geological and petrologic Survey : Dry seasan and rainy season, the surveys concerning geology and petrogy were carried out in the Angkor Area, especIally Baanteay Kdei. Angkor Wat and Angkor Thom etc.and got excelent results. 2. Diagnosis of strong of stones the using the Resonance Method : The Resonance method crystallized Japanese now and high-technology is to disgnosis the strength of deteriorated stone. Based on the resonance tests executed to the pillars situited in the gallery of Preau cruciform of Angkor Wat, the bottom of these pillars come to light an extremely dangerous condition. 3. Survey on the water ground level and the decline of riverbed in Siem Reap river : The actual stale of Siem Reap river and the irrigation system in the Angkor Period were examined in order to compare both of them. In conclution due to the decline of riverbed of Siem Reap river, the water irrigation system.come to be unworkable. Less