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The roots of Buddhas Seated on Naga in Cambodia and in India

柬埔寨和印度佛陀坐那伽的根源

基本信息

批准号：
18401023
负责人：
ISHIZAWA Yoshiaki
金额：
$ 4.34万
依托单位：
Sophia University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2006 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-18401023/
关键词：
Statues of Buddha seated on a naga Banteay Kdei Temple Discarded images of Buddha Thousand-Buddha stone pillar Mathura province (India)Kusana Dynasty Angkor Dynasty Angkor Vat ナーカ座仏カンボジア宗教美術チルチラパッリの図像様式インド仏教図像学仏教四面仏仏足跡イン

项目摘要

(1) In 2001, the Sophia University Angkor International Mission (SUAIM) discovered 274 discarded Buddhist statues within the ruins of the Banteay Kdei temple complex, during an archaeological training session for Angkor Preservation Officers. This occurred in the 11^<th> year since SUAIM had started the training, and it was Cambodian trainees who made this magnificent discovery.Since the statues had been left undisturbed in an environment of almost constant temperature and humidity, they were found preserved in a surprisingly good condition, despite the fact that 800 years had elapsed.(2) Their imposing features continued to radiate the same tranquil charm, and entranced all who gazed upon them. Judging by the condition in which they were found, it was apparent that a Buddhist devotee had buried them with care.(3) In the course of the excavations, it was clear to us that these statues had been systematically destroyed. Judging however by the place of discovery, and the careful packing … More of soil around and within the cavities of both the unbroken and damaged statues, it was obvious that persons who revered them deeply had carried out their burial.(4) The posture in which they were buried, that is, an upright position along with smaller companion statues, makes this highly probable. Although the people who destroyed the statues may have done so on the orders of their king, yet it appears as if they handled the statues with deep respect. It is also possible that those who destroyed the statues were not the same as those who buried them.(5) We have no way of proving this, but it is likely that Buddhist devotees gathered the remnants of the statues from the temple grounds, and buried them carefully in one place. The actual state of the statues and their historical significance will be discussed in greater detail elsewhere.(6) As Hinduism continued to retain power, its believers sought ways of undermining the Buddhist movement. A new king perhaps ascended the throne with the support of Hindus, and his devotion to Hinduism was possibly matched by his antipathy towards both the Buddhist religion and former Buddhist kings, a fact that finally led to the persecution of Buddhists and destruction of their religious images.(7) Our investigations revealed that statues of Buddha seated on the Naga existed in the province of Mathura in India, roughly during the period spanning the 3^<rd> to the 6^<th> century. We carried out a comparative study of images of Cambodian Buddhas and Indian Buddhas of Mathura, and then conducted a thorough investigation of sites within these countries. The Mathura Buddha images constitute an independent genre that grew out of the native tradition, though it shared elements of Hellenistic art that it received from the Kushana rulers. Here, the Buddha images have long ear lobes, thick lips, wide eyes, and noses that are prominent, besides having curly hair and folded garments. Mathura Buddhist images are related to earlier figures of male nature deities, and such similarities are seen in the huge images of the standing Buddha, of the early Kushana period. Less

(1) 2001 年，索菲亚大学吴哥国际代表团 (SUAIM) 在为吴哥古迹保护官员举办的考古培训课程中，在 Banteay Kdei 寺庙群的废墟中发现了 274 尊废弃的佛像。这发生在SUAIM开始训练的第11年，这是柬埔寨学员的惊人发现。由于这些雕像在几乎恒温恒湿的环境中不受干扰，尽管已经过去了800年，但它们的保存状况却出奇的好。(2)它们雄伟的面容仍然散发着同样宁静的魅力，让所有凝视它们的人着迷。从它们被发现时的状况来看，显然是一位佛教信徒精心埋葬了它们。(3) 在挖掘过程中，我们很清楚这些雕像已被系统性地摧毁。然而，从发现地点以及未破损和损坏的雕像周围和空腔内仔细填埋的土壤来看，很明显，那些深深尊敬它们的人已经埋葬了它们。(4)它们被埋葬的姿势，即与较小的同伴雕像一起的直立位置，使得这种可能性很大。尽管毁坏雕像的人可能是奉国王之命这样做的，但他们似乎怀着深深的敬意对待这些雕像。也有可能毁坏佛像的人与掩埋佛像的人不是同一个人。(5)我们无法证明这一点，但很可能佛教信徒从寺庙场地收集了佛像的残余物，并将它们小心地埋在一处。这些雕像的实际状态及其历史意义将在其他地方更详细地讨论。(6) 随着印度教继续保留权力，其信徒寻找破坏佛教运动的方法。一位新国王可能在印度教徒的支持下登上王位，而他对印度教的虔诚可能与他对佛教和前佛教国王的反感相匹配，这一事实最终导致了对佛教徒的迫害和对他们宗教形象的破坏。(7)我们的调查显示，坐那伽的佛像存在于印度马图拉省，大约在公元1世纪的时期。 3^<rd> 到 6^<th> 世纪。我们对柬埔寨马图拉佛像和印度佛像进行了比较研究，然后对这些国家的遗址进行了彻底的调查。马图拉佛像构成了一种独立的流派，源于本土传统，尽管它共享从贵霜统治者那里接受的希腊化艺术元素。这里的佛像，耳垂长，嘴唇厚，眼睛宽，鼻子突出，头发卷曲，衣服褶皱。马图拉佛教造像与早期的男性自然神形象有关，这种相似之处可以在贵霜王朝早期的巨大立佛造像中看到。较少的