Phylogenetical study of tupaiidae in Thailand and Indonesia

采用线粒体COII基因序列分析方法，对东南亚常见树的遗传多样性进行了研究。对来自老挝、泰国和印度尼西亚（苏门答腊）12个地区的58个样本进行测序，发现了38种不同的类型。聚类分析强烈建议两个独特的组（N型和S型）的树在研究区域。从这两个群体之间的巨大差异，推测形态隐种的存在。从马来半岛中部的合艾采集的样本包含这两种mtDNA类型。本文讨论了合艾周围同域分布与生殖隔离或异域分布与形态隐种的关系，并从形态学上研究了印度支那和马来亚地区常见树鼩（Tupaia glis）的地理变异。骨测量和主成分分析阐明了不同年龄组间的形态学差异。 ...更多信息 不同的人群。来自泰国南部和西部的种群在形态上与其他种群不同，来自泰国南部和吉隆坡的雄性考拉的变异表明，克拉地峡可能对头骨形态的变异产生影响。然而，克拉地峡并不完全被认为是这种动物的地理分离的因素，因为我们不能证实至少在雌性中头骨大小和形状在不同地点之间的分离。芳香化酶）在卵巢、普通树鼩和北方光尾树鼩中的活性。抑制素和3 β HSD在两种物种的颗粒细胞中被发现。17 α-羟化酶和芳香化酶在普通树鼩的内膜中有表达，而在北方光尾树鼩的颗粒细胞中有表达。本研究对斯堪的纳维亚树栖动物之一的北方光尾树鼩（Dendungale murina）的运动系统进行了宏观解剖学研究。在这项研究中，我们描述了肌肉系统的肩膀，前臂，臀部和臀部区域。三角肌和肩胛肩峰发育良好。肩胛骨上有特征性的肩胛后窝。大圆肌和肱三头肌有粗大的肌束，附着于肩胛后窝，股二头肌在后肢远端大面积附着。股二头肌下方可见极细肌。我们认为，这些发现可能有助于树栖运动在这个物种，这些可能是典型的树栖适应模式的肌肉系统Scandentia.Gut内分泌细胞进行了研究，在普通和爪哇树。在两种动物中，均观察到13种免疫反应细胞，但其分布和频率在两种动物中不同。少

Genetic diversity of the common tree shrew in Southeast Asia was examined by sequencing mitochondrial cytochrome coxidase subunit II (COII) gene. Sequencing of 58 samples from 12 localities in Laos, Thailand and Indonesia (Sumatra) revealed 38 different types. Clustering analysis strongly suggested two distinctive groups (N and S types) of tree shrews in the study area. Judging from great diversity between these two groups, the existence of morphocryptic species was inferred. Samples taken from Hat Yai in the middle of the Malay Peninsula contained both of the mtDNA types. The possibility of sympatry with reproductive isolation or allopatry without reproductive isolation (or parapatry) around Hat Yai was discussed in relation to morphocryptic species.Geographical variation was examined morphologically in the common tree shrew (Tupaia glis) in some Indochinese and Malayan regions. Osteometrical examination and principal component analysis elucidated the morphological differences among v … More arious populations. The populations from southern and western Thailand were distinguished morphologically from the other populations, Variation in males from south Thailand and Koala Lumpur suggests that the Isthmus of Kra may have an influence on the variation of skull morphology. However, the Isthmus of Kra was not completely considered as a factor of geographical separation in this animal, because we could not confirm the separation in skull size and shape between localities at least in females.To study the ovarian function of the Scandentia, the localization of inhibin and steroidgenic enzymes (3beta HSD, 17 alpha hydroxylase. aromatase) in the ovary, the common tree shrew and the northern smooth tailed tree shrew. Inhibin and 3beta HSD were found in the granulosa cells in the both species. However 17 alpha hydroxylase and aromatase were localized in the theca interna of the common tree shrew, while they were in the granulosa cells of the northern smooth-tailed tree shrew.Monoclonal antibodies for proteins related to steroid synthesis in ovary, testis and adrenal and for elongating and matures spermatids were produced and characterized in the common tree shrews. These should be useful for future works.The locomotor system of the northern smooth-tailed tree shrew (Dendrogale murina), one of the arboreal species of Scandentia, was examined by means of macroscopic anatomy. In this study, we described the muscular system in the shoulder, forearm, hip and crus regions. The M.deltoideus and the acromion of scapula were well-developed. The characteristic postscapular fossa was distinguishable in the scapula. The M.teres major and M.triceps brachii possessed large bundles and were attached to the postscapular fossa, In the hindlimb region, the M.biceps femoris were inserted into large area of distal hindlimb. The M.tenuissimus was discernible beneath the M.biceps femoris. We suggest that these findings may contribute to the arboreal locomotion in this species and that these may typically represent the arboreal adaptational pattern of muscular system in the Scandentia.Gut endocrine cells were investigated immunohistochemically in the common and Java tree shrews. In the both species, 13 types of immunoreactive cells were observed, but their distribution and frequencies were different between them. Less