Natural history of submarine cave organisms in Indo-Pacific

Kase&Kinso(1996)发现了一个洞穴内的腹足类，Kase(1998)描述了洞穴中典型的Pickworthiidae的16个新种。Kase和Kano(正在出版)描述了来自帕劳海底洞穴的一个神秘的新属和种，可能与Neitopine亲缘。Hayami(1998)通过分析双壳类的大小在时间和空间上的变化和洞穴双壳类的繁殖适应提出了一个假说，即贫营养条件是各种地质和天文事件造成的大灭绝的原因。尽管各种环境因素可能会影响生物的个体大小，但最近对深海和海底洞穴动物群的了解表明，食物供应是控制双壳类成体大小和适应策略的首要因素。双壳类显著的贝壳大小减少似乎与二叠纪/三叠纪和白垩纪/第三纪的大规模灭绝同时发生，可能是因为大型物种(或组)被选择了…Takeda(1998)描述了在帕劳科罗岛周围的海底洞穴中收集的6种螃蟹：裂殖蟹(Majidae)、Carupa ohashii、Babdis paucidentata和Laleonectes nipponensis(Pornidae)，以及LentiLumnus tatimanus和Pilumnus sp.。(Pilumnidae)。只有在红海和中国大陆才知道达利克。产于西印度洋的稀齿动物。在海底洞穴(Tabuki&Hanai，正在出版中)中首次发现了一种活化石Sigillid属Kasella。Sigillids是原始的足足类介形类动物，具有古老的特征，Kasella可能来自深水的Sigillid Cardobairdia。卡塞拉很可能已经成功地在洞穴中定居了坚硬的基质，特别是利用洞穴墙壁和天花板上的裂缝作为其微生境。Kasella可能已经适应了这个神秘的栖息地，以应对强大的凯瑟目竞争对手和腹足类等捕食者，这些捕食者在黑暗和营养不足的海底洞穴中无法很好地生存。较少

Kase & Kinjo (1996) found a cave nassaried gastropods and Kase (1998) described 16 new species of the Pickworthiidae typical of caves. Kase and Kano (in press) described an enigmatic new genus and species from a submarine cave of Palau, possibly with neritopsine affinity .Hayami (1998) presents a hypothesis from analyses of size changes of bivalves in time and space and reproductive adaptation of cave bivalves that oligotrophic condition are responsible for the mass extinctions caused by various geologic and astronomical events. Although various environmental factors may influence the body size of organisms, recent knowledge of deep-sea and submarine cave faunas indicates that food supply is of prime importance as a factor controlling the adult size and adaptive strategy of bivalves.Significant shell-size reductin of bivalves seems to have occurred at the same time with Permian/Triassic and Cretaceous/Tertiary mass extinctions, probably because large-sized species (or group) were selec … More tively eliminated.Takeda (1998) described 6 species of crabs collected in submarine caves around Koror Island, Palau : Schizophyrys dahlak (Majidae), Carupa ohashii, Chair ybdis paucidentata and Laleonectes nipponensis (Pornidae), and Lentilumnus tatimanus and Pilumnus sp. (Pilumnidae). S.dahliak had been known only from the Red Sea and Ch. paucidentata from the western Indian Oceans. Species of the Majidae and Purtunidae seems to be cave inhabitants.A living fossil sigillid genus, Kasella, was first discovered from submarine caves (Tabuki & Hanai, in press). Sigillids are primitive podocopid ostracods having ancient characters Kasella is possibly derived from the sigillid Cardobairdia of deep-waters. It is likely that Kasella has successfully colonized hard substrates in caves, particularly exploiting the crevices on cave walls and ceilings as its microhabitat. Kasella may have adapted to this cryptic habitat in response to strong cytheracean competitors and predators such as gastropods that do not survive well in dark and oligotrophic submarine caves. Less