Medieval Vernacular Bibles as Unity, Diversity and Conflict. Bible-Translations as Anti-Heretical or Anti-Clerical Move?

在中世纪，西欧和中欧因共同的基督教信仰和共同使用拉丁文圣经而团结在一起。工作翻译成白话文的武加大，证明在欧洲各地在此期间，也是一个共同的欧洲项目。翻译人员了解彼此的工作，尽管他们的语言和文化传统多种多样，但他们使用类似的论点来促进他们的努力。他们指出，不同欧洲语言的圣经翻译的存在是他们自己工作的先例，并支持他们的统一主张，提到共同的历史，文学和价值观，甚至是他们几种语言的共同起源。然而，这一国际运动不仅带来了对共同过去的共同目标和利益的意识，而且也带来了冲突和分歧。翻译者不得不为他们的工作辩护，反对无数的批评，辩论这样的问题，谁应该有机会获得白话圣经，它应该如何理解，以及它应该如何和由谁翻译。这些辩论的参与者，无论是平信徒还是神职人员，不仅产生了圣经文本的效果，而且还产生了评论，学术工具和辩论作品。他们撰写的论文中，圣经翻译的问题，以及更广泛的宗教实践和宗教差异的问题，奠定了获得知识和教育的机会，以及教会和社会的组织和政府进行了审议。拟议的项目将研究这些文本和产生它们的运动，重点是德国和英国中世纪晚期的传统。目的是研究和比较圣经翻译的传统，以及周围的神学和政治辩论，作为民族语言，文学和学术发展的基础，也是欧洲共同的进程。由于一些德语和英语文本被广泛认为是理解译者作品及其背景所必需的，从未被编辑过，我们将制作其学术版本，并以印刷品和在线方式出版。我们将根据我们以前编辑圣经译本和辩论作品的经验制定一个共同的编辑政策。我们将根据在英国和德国开展这类工作的经验以及我们最近开发的方法，利用共同的技术，联合出版这些报告。我们还将出版一卷研究报告，报告我们对编辑文本的研究结果，以及对圣经翻译的两种传统及其知识，社会和政治背景的更广泛的比较研究。我们认为拟议的工作是朝着整合几个欧洲国家传统的研究迈出的一步。

During the Middle Ages Western and Central Europe was united by the common Christian faith and the common use of the Latin Bible. The work on the translation of the Vulgate into the vernacular, attested everywhere in Europe in this period, was also a common European project. Translators were aware of each other’s work and, despite the diversity of their languages and cultural traditions, used similar arguments to promote their endeavour. They pointed to the existence of biblical translations in different European languages as a precedent to their own work, and supported their claims to unity with references to shared history, literature and values, and even the common origin of several of their languages. Yet this international movement brought with it not only the sense of common purpose and interest in the common past, but also conflicts and divisions. Translators had to defend their work against numerous critics, debating such questions as who should have access to the vernacular Bible, how it should be understood, and how and by whom it should be translated. Participants in these debates, both laymen and clerics, produced not only the renderings of the biblical text, but also commentaries, scholarly tools and polemical works. They wrote treatises where issues of biblical translation, as well as much wider issues of religious practice and religious difference, lay access to knowledge and education, and the organization and government of the church and society were deliberated. The proposed project will study these texts and the movement that gave rise to them, focussing on the German and English late medieval traditions. The aim is to study and compare the traditions of biblical translation, and surrounding theological and political debates, as foundational to the development of national languages, literatures and academies, but also as a common European process. Since several German and English texts, widely regarded as essential for understanding the translators‘ work and its background, have never been edited, we will produce their scholarly editions and publish them in print and online. We will develop a common editorial policy based on our previous experience of editing Bible translations and polemical works. We will publish them jointly, using common technologies, based on the experience of such work in the UK and Germany and methods recently developed by ourselves. We will also publish a volume of studies reporting the results of our research into the edited texts, and broader comparative research into the two traditions of biblical translation, and their intellectual, social and political background. We see the proposed work as a step towards integrating studies of several national European traditions.6