Control and Design of Nano-Materials Produced with the Help of Amphiphilic Molecules Assemblies

阐明了两亲分子自组织组装制备的纳米介观材料的微观结构的形成过程和控制方法。1)纳米介孔材料：研究了烷氧硅(TEOS)/表面活性剂（十二烷基胺）复合体系的微观结构形成过程。在酸性水溶液中形成由二氧化硅棒组成的纳米介观网络结构，在中性水溶液中形成气凝胶状二氧化硅结构。而在碱性水溶液中，可以制备出柱六边形和/或立方有序结构的二氧化硅。teos水解缩合反应的速率比对这些不同微观结构的形成起着重要的作用。微观结构界面处的结构形成对有序结构的形成也很重要。我们用反胶束体系研究了微观结构界面对TEOS水解的影响。在此基础上，我们成功地制备了纳米直径的超长硅管。2)聚合物的双连续纳米材料：阐明了离子表面活性剂与带反电荷聚合物组成的体系中的反胶束结构。这一结果为双连续材料的设计提供了一些参考。我们还成功地以六边形结构的离子表面活性剂为模板制备了具有亲水性孔道的双连续高分子材料。3)二维阵列纳米粒子材料：我们重点研究了纳米粒子的制备和得到的粒子尺寸分布的控制，可以用于二维阵列。系统研究了镉纳米粒子和金纳米粒子在反胶束溶液中的生长过程。利用这一结果，我们成功地制备了具有明显粒径分布的纳米颗粒。

We elucidated the formation processes and the control method of the microstructures in nano-meso materials, which were prepared using self-organized assemblies of amphiphilic molecules. 1) Nano-meso porous materials : We elucidated the microstructure formation processes in silicon alkoxide(TEOS)/surfactant(laurylamine) composite systems. In acidic aqueous solution, nano-meso network structure composed of silica rods is formed, and in neutral aqueous solution, aerogel-like silica structure is obtained. Whereas in alkaline aqueous solution, cylinder-hexagonal and/or cubic ordered structures of silica can be prepared. The rate-ratio of TEOS-hydrolysis to condensation reaction plays an important role in the formation of these different microstructures. The structure formation at the microstructure interface is also important for the ordered structures. We elucidated the effect of the microstructure interface on the TEOS hydrolysis using reversed micellar system. Based on these results, we succeeded in the preparation of very long silica-tubules with nanometer diameter. 2) Bicontinuous nano-materials of polymers : The structure of reversed micelles was elucidated in the systems composed of ionic surfactants and the polymers with reverse electric charge. This result provides some information on designing bicontinuous materials. We also succeeded in the preparation of bicontinuous polymer materials with hydrophilic passes using hexagonal structure of ionic surfactant as the template. 3) Nano-particle materials with two-dimensional array : We focused on the preparation of nano-particles and the control of the size-distribution of the obtained particles, which can be used for two-dimensional array. Systematic studies were performed for the growth processes of CdS- and Au-nanoparticles in reversed micellar solution. Using the results, we succeeded in the preparation of nano-particles with sharp size-distribution.