Method and Effects of Training on Physical Fitness of Children with Mental Retardation

之前的研究报告称，智力落后的儿童在身体健康测试中落后于正常智力落后的同龄人，但在提供适当的健身训练后，他们的进步虽然缓慢，但与非智力落后的儿童相当。有一所特殊学校的孩子，他们的耐力跑能力明显较高；大多数高中生都能完成全程马拉松。本研究主要针对这所特殊学校的常年体育课教学效果进行研究。所有学生年龄在12岁至18岁之间，年龄在40岁以下，每周6天参加4公里跑项目，并参加了包括肌肉力量、柔韧性和平衡练习在内的体育课。根据心率评估运动计划有氧阶段的工作量。最后1公里跑的心率为165次/分~180次/分，平均为150次/分。在体能(肌肉力量、耐力、力量、灵敏、柔韧)测试中，学生的能力高于另一所弱智儿童学校的学生。这项研究清楚地表明，跑步计划在提高智力低下儿童的心血管健康和工作绩效方面是有效的。

Previous studies have reported that mentally retarded children fall below their nomretarded peers on tests of physical fitness, but that when appropriate fitness training has provided, their progress, although slow, paralleled that of nonretarded. There is a special school children who have a markedly high abilities of endurance run ; most of the high school age students are able to complete full marathon. This study have been concentrated on the effectiveness of year-round physical education programs in this special school. All students, aged from 12 to 18, Os below 40, have participated in running program of 4 km six days a week, and they also have participated in physical education program in which muscle strength, flexibility and balance exercise were included. Workload in th aerobic phase of the exercise program were assessed based on heart rate. The heart rates during runnning exercise of last 1 km were from 165bpm to 180 bpm, with mean value of 150 bpm during whole exercise. The students showed higher abilities on the tests of physical fitness (muscle strength, endurance, , power, agility, and fiexibility) then the group of the other special school for mentally retarded children. This study clearly showed that a runnning program was effective in increasing cardiovascular fitness and work prformance of the children with mental retardation.