A Study on Origin and Breeding of Wild Boar and Domesticated Pig Based on Skeletal Remains from Archaeological Sites in Japan.

本研究的目的是探讨野猪与绳纹和弥生时期出土野猪的骨学差异。最近的一份报告描述了弥生时期的家猪养殖，旨在澄清这些猪是从日本的野猪驯化的，或者是从其他国家引进的。本研究旨在阐明九州地区绳纹和弥生时期遗址的发掘现状。为了获得出土骨鉴定的基础资料，对现生野猪的颅骨进行了年龄和地区的骨计量学比较，并将现生野猪与现生野猪进行了骨计量学比较。此外，还对一些与野猪有关的祭祀和仪式遗迹以及出土的骨头进行了调查，并观察到以下结果：在九州地区的132处遗址中，发现了96处绳纹遗址和36处弥生遗址。这些地点主要分布在加哥斯、多岛和长崎县。根据福冈现有6月龄至成年野猪的头盖骨和下颌骨的测量结果，绘制了野猪生长曲线，并给出了骨长估算公式和性别区分公式。年龄b级（12个月以下）的野猪，在许多头颅测量项目上，雄性的体积大于雌性。在本州、九州和天美地区的野猪中，目前的头骨尺寸更大，这表明它们在形态上存在区域差异。现在被称为微型猪的猪的大小与野猪相似，伯克夏猪和托恩猪在形态上也相似。3 .遗址出土的野猪比现存野猪大得多，下格里-库瓦内等遗址出土的猪头盖骨比现存野猪大得多，但在形态的第二主成分上两者没有差异。野猪形状的陶器分布在从北海道到弯县的广大地区，在以青森县为中心的东北地区发现了各种狩猎图案的陶器。这些结果表明，绳纹时代的人们可能在狩猎时将这些土制产品用作祭祀和仪式等工具。少

The purpose of this study was to investigate osteological differences between the wild boars and those excavated from the sites of Jomon and Yayoi Periods. A recent report described domesticated pig breeding in Yayoi Period aiming to clarify that the pigs were domesticated from wild boars in Japan or introduced from other countries. In this study, we aimed to elucidated the present status of excavation at sites of Jomon and Yayoi Periods in Kyushu district. To obtain basic data for identification of excavated bones, the skulls of present wild boars were osteometrically compared by age and by district and such comparison was also conducted between the wild boars and present pigs. In addition, some relics for cult and ritual related to wild boars were investigated as well as the excavated bones and the following results were observed.1. Wild boars have been excavated from 132 sites in Kyushu district including 96 Jomon sites and 36 Yayoi ones. These sites were mostly distributed in Kagos … More hima and Nagasaki Prefectures.2. he growth curve of wild boar was drawn and estimation formulae of bone length and sex discrimination were made based on the measurements of the cranium and the mandible from the present wild boars in Fukuoka, of which age was in a range from 6-month old to adult. For the wild boars in Age class Ib (12-month old or less), the size of male was larger than that of female at many cranial measuring items. The present size of skull was larger in the order the wild boars in Honshu, Kyushu and Amami districts, suggesting regional differences in their morphology. The size of a present pig termed as miniature pig was similar to that of wild boar, and Berkshire pig and Toen pig were also morphologically similar.3. The boars excavated from sites were much larger than those of the present wild boars and the porcine skulls excavated from Shimogori-Kuwanae site, etc. were larger than those of at present wild boars, but there was no difference between them in respect of the second principal component of morphology.4. Earthen products in the shape of wild boar were distributed in the wide area from Hokkaido to Kink district and earthenwares with various hunting designs have been discovered in Tohoku district mainly around Aomori Prefecture. These results suggest that people in Jomon Period might have used such earthen products as a tool for cult and ritual, etc. during hunting. Less