Study on the Agricultural Water Management for the Promotion of Sustaiable Agricuture in Arid Area

通过三年的调查，确定了干旱区农业用水管理的途径和指导思想。本研究的目标国家哈萨克斯坦、巴基斯坦和埃及在自然资源条件方面有相似之处，但这些国家在灌溉农业的生产力和可持续性方面存在很大差异。造成这些差异的主要原因是由于盐分积累和农田内涝导致的土地退化。通过在干旱地区引入灌溉，可以在一定时期内进行生产性农业。因此，如果不对水进行适当和有效的管理，地下水位就会逐渐上升，进而导致盐分在地表积聚，从而阻碍可持续农业生产。然而，在干旱地区，水资源是主要的生产限制因素，地下水位的过度下降可能会增加水…。因此，在干旱地区，将地下水位控制在一定范围内，保持地下水位/需水和盐分变化之间的微妙平衡是非常重要的。因此，要在干旱地区实现可持续农业，应满足下列条件：a)适当和平等地分配水；b)将地下水控制在适当的水平；c)建立水管理机构；d)采用适当的种植模式。满足这些要求可以通过改善管理设施和基础设施、提供培训和推广必要的专门知识和技术来实现。关于将遥感技术应用于积盐分析，有可能通过遥感识别积盐区域。但需要分析盐分积聚的程度及其与供水或排水条件的关系，以建立实用的模型来找到有用的解决方案。为此，有必要进行现场调查。有必要进行更详细的研究，包括现场调查，以便制定实用的指导方针，消除自然和社会经济条件的区域差异。较少

Through the investigation of three years, the approach and guidelines of managing agricultural water in arid areas were identified. The target countries of this study, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, and Egypt, have similarities in natural resources conditions, however, there are wide differences in productivity as well as sustainability of irrigated agriculture among these countries.Major reasons for these differences arise from the degradation of land due to salt accumulation and water-logging in agricultural land. By the introduction of irrigation in arid areas, productive agriculture can be performed for a certain period of tine. Thus, without appropriate and efficient management of water, the ground water level gradually increases, which in turn leads to the accumulation of salts on the land surface, hampering the sustainable agricultural production. However, in arid areas water resource is the major production limiting factor, and excessive lowering of ground water level could increase wat … More er requirement and irrigation water needs.Therefore, the control of the ground water level at certain range is very important in arid areas, maintaining the delicate balance between the ground water level/water needs and salt accutnutation. Thus to realize sustainable agriculture in arid areas following conditions should be met : a) proper and equal distribution of water ; b) control of ground water at an appropriate level ; c) establishment of water management organization ; and d) adoption of appropriate cropping pattern. Meeting these requirements can be achieved by improving management facilities and infrastructures, and providing training and extension of necessary know-how and technologies. With regard to the application of remote sensing technology for the analysis of salt accumulation, it is possible to identify salt accumulated areas by remote sensing. But the extent of salt accumulation and the relationship with water supply or drainage condition need to be analyzed to establish practical models to find useful solution. Itis necessary to carry out on-site investigations for that purpose. More detailed studies including on-site investigation would be necessaryilo establish practical guidelines, reffecting regional differences in natural as well as socio-ecomomic conditions. Less