Formation of Managerial Subjects and Economic Education in Transitional Russia

这项由一位经济学家和一位教育社会学家联合开展的研究，旨在从经济学学科的形成方面揭示俄罗斯向市场经济转型的问题。在经济研究领域，这项研究首先展示了资本家和工人阶级在俄罗斯是如何产生的。国有企业在“名目”上被划归国有，而在同一企业里，我自己也变成了打工仔。基于此，形成了一种特殊的过渡型劳动管理关系，这种关系继承了“社会主义”时代的家长式作风。其次，本研究的重点是回顾私有化以来股权结构的发展，以及不同股权结构的私有化公司在业绩和重组活动上是否存在差异。分析认为，俄罗斯在理性主义主体的形成上仍存在困难。在教育学研究领域，本研究探讨了发达市场经济所要求的商务人才培养的实际情况。尽管俄罗斯涌现出了许多商学院，但从课程设置的缺陷和师资力量的匮乏来看，它们在数量上仍存在不少问题。其次，本文探讨了作为市场经济载体的俄罗斯中产阶级的形成，并得出结论：俄罗斯中产阶级的减少是迫不得已的，因为俄罗斯的制度转型是由“命名化”主导的，而“休克疗法”导致的经济停滞也延长了。

This study that was carried out joint by a economist and a pedagogical sociologist is to throw light on problems of transition to market economy in Russia in the aspect of formation of economist subjects. At the field at economical researchers, this study shows, firstly, how capitalists and working class have come into existence in Russia. State enterprises passed into the possession at "nomenclature" and working me themselves were transformed into wage-labors at the same enterprises. According to this reason, there have been formed peculiar transitional type of labor -management relations with paternalisms inherited from the age of "socialism". Next, attention in this study is focused to overview development at ownership structure since privatization and to see whether privatized companies with various ownership structure differ in their performance and in their restructuring activity. The analysis comes to the conclusion that Russia still had difficulties in formation of rational magederial subjects. At the field of pedagogical researches, this study inquires into actual conditions of training of business-men which are required for developed market economy. Although many business schools have emerged in Russia, they still have a lot of problems in quantity as seeing from defects of curriculums and a lack of skilled teachers. Next , this study deals with formation of middle-class as a carrier at market economy and comes to the conclusion that Russian middle class is compelled to be reduced, because the systemic transformation had been led by "nomenclature" and economic stagnation caused by "shock therapy" has been prolonged.