Behavior management for mentally disabled dental patients with painless Local anesthesia.

当智障患者进行牙科治疗时，患者的配合是必要的要求。为此，注射不会引起疼痛是非常重要的。我们研究了静脉和局部麻醉注射的各种方法，这些方法可能不会造成疼痛。在进行无痛静脉注射之前，我们使用了10%利多卡因离子导入10分钟作为表面麻醉。手术结束后，25名成年志愿者用2%碱性利多卡因皮肤局部麻醉，pH值7.4。该方法在一只手的背侧静脉上进行了测试。将60%利多卡因胶带贴在对侧手背静脉上1小时，比较VAS值。结果：与离子导入法相比，75%的志愿者使用利多卡因贴敷法感觉到的疼痛较少。临床上也进行了离子导入的应用。所有条件均按…标准进行更多的原因是排除了利多卡因，利多卡因没有调整到pH 7.4。我们测试了40名智障患者。McGrath面部评分被确定为疼痛的有效判断。结果显示，大约85%的接受注射的患者没有疼痛。这项研究于1997年在残疾人牙科会议和《临床儿科麻醉学》杂志上发表。为了测试无痛局部麻醉，25名志愿者接受了口腔粘膜内的局部麻醉。进行了两个实验，并进行了比较。在第一个实验中，60%的利多卡因贴在口腔粘膜上10分钟，然后注射2%的利多卡因。第二个实验作为对照，要求在应用4%利多卡因糊剂离子导入后，注射2%利多卡因，调整后的pH值为7.4。两种方法均可减轻疼痛。然而，一些志愿者在注射了PH7.4的局麻药后感到不适。较少

When dental treatment of a mental handicapped patient takes place, the cooperation of the patient is necessary requirement. For this purpose, the administrating of an injection that does not cause pain is of significant importance.We researched various methods of venous and local anesthesia injection that potentially would not inflict pain. We used a 10% lidocaine iontophoresis for ten minutes as a topical anesthesia before carrying out 'painless' venous injections. After this procedure, a2% alkalinized lidocaine with a pH 7.4 as a cutaneus local anesthesia was administered to 25 adult volunteers. This method was tested on the dorsal vein of one hand. On the opposite hand's dorsal vein, we attached a 60% lidocaine tape for one hour and then compared the VAS values. The result : 75% of the volunteers felt less pain with the lidocaine tape method when compared with the iontophoresis method. The use of iontophoresis was also conducted clinically. All conditions were carried out indentical … More ly with the exclusion of the lidocaine, which was not adjusted to the pH 7.4. We tested 40 mentally handicapped patients. The McGrath Facial scale was determined to be an effective judge of pain. The result obtained showed that approximately 85% of the vpatients injected experienced no pain. This was reported in 1997 at the Dentistry for the handicapped's conference and in the journal of Clinical Pediatric Anesthesia. For the testing of painless local anesthsia, 25 volunteers were administered local anesthesia inside the oral mucosa. Two experiments were conducted and compared. In the first experiment a 60% lidocaine attached to the oral mucosa for 10 minutes followed by a 2% lidocaine injection. The second experiment, carried out as acontrol, called for a 2% lidocaine injection with an adjusted pH 7.4 to be administered after a 4% lidocaine paste iontophoresis was applied. The reduction of pain was accomplished with both nethods. However, some volunteers felt discomfort after the injection of the pH 7.4 local anesthetic. Less