Variations and Cycles of Greenhouse Gases on the Earth's Surface

为了阐明地球表面温室气体的变化和循环，进行了广泛的系统测量研究和数值模式的发展。(1)系统测量了日本、太平洋、西伯利亚、Syowa站和斯匹茨卑尔根群岛地区CO_2、CH_4、N_2O、CO、HCFC、HFC、PFC和SF_6等温室气体的浓度和同位素比值，阐明了它们的时空变化及其成因和控制过程。首次成功测量了大气中N_2O的同位素体，并在此基础上尝试了对N_2O收支的定量估算。对CO_2浓度及其δ^<13>C进行了双重反褶积分析，以阐明近年来全球人为CO_2收支。在此基础上，利用南北半球双箱模型及其测量结果研究了HCFC、HFC和SF_6排放的时间变化。(2)建立了三维大气输送模式，并应用该模式解释了它们的浓度和δ^<13>C的全球循环。研究了陆地生物圈在全球碳循环中的作用，计算了大气和海洋的co2分压差，并利用新建立的三维海洋碳循环模型估算了海洋对co2的吸收量。本研究建立的多盒模型成功地重建了近500年来大气N_2O浓度的历史。(3)为了更好地了解大气与岩石圈之间的碳循环，通过大量的测量，定量估计了风化引起的碳通量和地下深处的碳释放。对冲绳的几个珊瑚礁也进行了系统的测量，发现珊瑚在海洋碳循环中的作用因珊瑚本身而异。少

In order to elucidate variations and cycles of greenhouse gases on the Earth's surface, extensive studies with systematic measurements and development of numerical models were performed. The results obtained from this study are summarized as follows :(l) The concentrations and isotopic ratios of various greenhouse gases such as CO_2, CH_4, N_2O, CO, HCFC, HFC, PFC and SF_6 were systematically measured over Japan, the Pacific Ocean, Siberia, Syowa Station and Spitzbergen Islands, and their temporal and spatial variations as well as causes and governing processes were clarified. Measurements of the isotopomers of atmospheric N_2O succeeded for the first time, and quantitative estimation of the N_2O budget was tried on the basis of the measurement results. Double-deconvolution analysis of the CO_2 concentration and its δ^<13>C was also made to elucidate the recent global budget of anthropogenic CO_2. Furthermore, temporal changes in HCFC, HFC and SF_6 emissions were investigated using a n … More orthernsouthern hemispheric two box-model and their measurement results. (2) A three-dimensional atmospheric transport model was developed and then applied to elucidate their global cycles in terms of the concentration and δ^<13>C.A spatially high-resolution ecosystem model was also developed to examine the role of the terrestrial biosphere in the global carbon cycle, and partial pressure differences of CO_2 between the atmosphere and the ocean were calculated and ocean uptake of CO_2 was estimated using a newly developed three-dimensional ocean carnon cycle model. A multi-box model developed in this study succeeded in reconstructing the history of the atmtospheric N_2O concentration over the last 500 years. (3) For a better understanding of the carbon cycle between the atmosphere and the lithosphere, carbon fluxes due to weathering and the release of carbon from the deep underground were quantitatively estimated by their extensive measurements. Systematic measurements were also carried out in several coral reefs in Okinawa, and it was revealed that the role of coral in the ocean carbon cycle was different depending on coral itself. Less