Exact reversibility in joining and separation

为了实现零排放世界或材料的循环利用，必须在连接和分离过程中检查确切的可逆性。采用在俄歇电子能谱仪超高真空室中构建的测力系统。用连续介质理论和分子力学理论对结果进行了讨论和数值分析。实验在弹性范围内进行。黏附力测量完成后，采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和扫描俄歇显微镜（SAM）对表面进行观察。虽然有时可以观察到接触样品之间的原子转移，但在某些情况下，SAM不能观察到原子转移。这些结果表明在连接和分离过程中存在精确的可逆过程。在理论方法上，可以用连续统理论推导出黏附物的理论强度。解是精确解，常规理论和公式都是近似解。当原子的大小达到不可忽略的极限时，分子力学就变得重要起来。研究发现，针对体块材料提出的改进嵌入原子法（MEAM）对表面问题具有一定的适用性。

For the purpose of the zero-emission world or the recycle of materials, the exact reversiblity has to be examined in the processes in Joining and Separation. A force measurement system constructed in ultra high vacuum chamber of Auger electron spectroscope is used. The results are discussed with the continuum theory and the numerical analysis using molecular mechanics theory.Experiments were carried out in the elastic range. After the measurements of adhesional forces, surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and scanning Auger microscope (SAM). Although the atomic transfer between contacting samples was sometimes observed, there are some cases no transfer could observed by SAM. These results suggest the existence of exact reversible processes in Joining and Separation. .In theoretical approach, theoretical strength of adhered object can be deduced by continuum theory. The solution is exact one and conventional theory and formula were found to be an approximation of it. At the limit when the size of atoms are not negligible, molecular mechanics becomes significant. The modified embedded atom method (MEAM) which is made for the bulk is found to have applicability to surface problems.