Genetic studies on the cultivation processes of common buckwheat

普通荞麦的碎粒-不碎粒习性是由单个基因座（sht）控制的。荞麦的野生祖先，f.esculentum ssp。祖先为显性纯合子Sht/Sht，栽培品种为隐性纯合子Sht/Sht，表现出不碎裂的习性。由于野生祖先的自然种群是异花柱异交，它们在较低的频率上保持着栽培特有的非分裂等位基因突变（在四川盐源种群中最高，为3%）。这些不破碎的习惯基因被认为是在驯化时被利用的。与普通荞麦亲缘关系密切的另一种野生品种F. homodtropicum是一种自交品种，因此直觉上它似乎更容易被驯化。然而，该物种在种群中不保持非破碎习性基因，因此没有机会被驯化。对普通荞麦栽培亚种和野生亚种的AFLP分析表明，西藏东部野生祖先的自然居群与栽培陆地人种的亲缘关系最为密切。这可能意味着西藏东部和云南西北部必须被认为是普通荞麦的诞生地。

The shatterring-nonshatterring habit of common buckwheat is controlled by a single locus (sht). The wild ancestor of common buckwheat, F. esculentum ssp. ancestrale is dominant homozygote Sht/Sht and cultivars are recessive homozygotes sht/sht and show the non-shattering habit. Since natural populations of the wild ancestor is heterostylous outcrossing, they maintain cultivation specific non-shattring allele sht at low frequency (the highest 3% in the Yanyuan population of Sichuan province). These non-shattering habit gene is believed to be utilized at the time of domestication. F. homodtropicum, another wild species closely related to common buckwheat, is a selffertilizing species, hence intuitively it seems to be domesticated more easily. However, this species does not maintain a non-shattering habit gene in populations, hence have not have a chance to be domesticated.AFLP analyses of cultivated and wild subspecies of common buckwheat revealed that the natural populations of the wild ancestor from eastern Tibet are most closely related to cultivated land races. This probably implies that eastern Tibet as well as northwestern Yunnan must be considered as a candidate of birth place of common buckwheat.