A Study of Parallel Padas between Early Pali Canonical Texts and Jain Canonical Texts

通过使用个人电脑，我已经出版了巴利佛教中最重要和最古老的四部经典的帕德索引和反帕德索引，它们分别是：Suttanipata、Dhammapada、Theragatha和Therigatha。然后，应许多读者的要求，我将这四个索引合并为一卷。这个组合的帕达索引与巴利文本协会的巴利-英语词典的词序相同。通过非常仔细地比较两种帕德指数：早期耆那教经典文本的帕德指数和反向帕德指数，《阿亚兰加》、《苏亚加达》、《乌塔拉杰哈亚》、《达萨瓦耶利亚》、《伊西哈伊姆》（1995年由奥萨卡和我出版），以及上面提到的帕德指数，我详尽地挑选了这些早期巴利文和耆那教经典文本之间的平行经文、平行经文和相关经文。此外，我收集了《摩诃婆罗多》（Mahavastu）和《摩诃婆罗多》（Mahabharata）中的平行宝典，《摩诃婆罗多》是用佛教混合梵文写成的。虽然这些平行的宝典被分类为不同的项目，但这些参考文献包含了主要的类别，如教义、宗教戒律等。在研究了这些平行padas的特征之后，很明显，佛教和耆那教的戒律和教义最初拥有一个共同的基础，即反对婆罗门教的沙门（流浪僧侣）。这是公元前600-400年印度的正统宗教。我们也可以假设这些padas是在集体生活的时代组成的，在个人教派形成之前。他们是在他们的教派最初建立的时候被收养的。

By using a personal computer, I have already published a pada index and reverse pada index to each of the four most important and oldest canonical texts in Pali Buddhism, the Suttanipata, the Dhammapada, the Theragatha and the Therigatha. Then I merged these four indexes into one volume in response to many reader requests. This combined pada index was compiled in the same word order as Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary.By very carefully comparing two pada indexes : the Pada Index and Reverse Pada Index to Early Jain Canonical Texts, the Ayaranga, the Suyagada, the Uttarajjhaya, the Dasaveyaliya, the Isibhasiyaim, which was published in 1995 by Ousaka and myself, and the pada index mentioned above, I picked up exhaustively the parallel verses, parallel padas, and related padas between these early Pali and Jain canonical texts. Moreover, I collected the parallel padas seen in the Mahavastu which was written in Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit and the Mahabharata belonging to Brahmana literature.Although these parallel padas are categorized as various items, these references contain the major categories such as doctrines, religious precepts, and so on. Having investigated the features of these parallel padas, it is clear that the precepts and doctrines of Buddhism and Jainism originally possessed a common basis of Sramanas (wandering monks) who opposed Brahmanism. This was the orthodox religion in 600-400 B.C. in India. We can also assume that these padas were composed in the era of communal living, before the formation of individual sects. They were adopted in the earliest time when their sects were originally established.